Incidence of Retained Placenta in Relation with Breed, Age, Parity and Body Condition Score of Dairy cows

Islam, M. H.; Sarder, Md. Jalal Uddin; Rahman, M. M.; Kader, Md. Abdul; Islam, M. S.

doi:10.3329/ijns.v2i1.10878

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…(average of 10.35%). This finding is in agreement with other studies conducted in the country [68] and in other countries [2,6,8,69]. Some other authors have however reported higher incidences than the observation made in the current study [10,14,70]).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

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Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

Komba¹,

Kashoma²

2020

Preprint

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Background: Three dairy farms were investigated for occurrence of retained placenta and subclinical mastitis, and the economic impacts attributable to the conditions. Reproductive performance data from 1169 calvings of dairy cows for five consecutive years spanning from 2014 to 2018 were used in this study. A total of 167 cows were screened with the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and udder quarters with CMT score of ≥ 3 (scale 1–5) were milk sampled for culture and final bacteriological identification. Results: Overall prevalences of subclinical mastitis and retained fetal membranes were 35.93% and 10.35%, respectively. The prevalence of bacterial isolates at animal level was 38.92%. Individual bacteria prevalence rates were 66.15% for Staphylococcus aureus, 13.85% for Escherichia coli, 6.15% for Bacillus spp., 6.15% for Streptococcus agalactiae and 7.69% for none typed microorganisms. Overall loss from subclinical mastitis was estimated at 10,603,800/= Tanzanian shillings (Tshs) equivalent to USD $ 4,700 with major losses (81.75%) attributable to the production loss followed by treatment expenditure (18.25%). Average loss attributed to mastitis per quarter was estimated at 49,320/= Tshs (USD $21.5). Retained placenta resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in the period from parturition to conception (148.7 vs. 96.0 days), number of services per conception (2.9 vs. 1.9) and calving interval (434.7 vs. 374.0 days). Conclusion: These findings point out to the economic importance of subclinical mastitis and retained fetal membranes in the dairy industry. This calls for improved milking hygiene, proper attention to health of mammary glands, regular screening tests and application of biosecurity measures as intervention strategies to lower the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and minimize the spread of pathogens in dairy farms. Since retained fetal membrane is an important problem causing great economic losses, appropriate control measures have to be instituted including cow comfort, proper immunization and careful nutritional management (mineral supplementation), particularly during the transition period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Retention of fetal membranes is the most common condition occurring in cattle following parturition [4]. The incidence of retained placenta varies from 4.0 to 16.1% and can be much higher in problem herds [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

Komba¹,

Kashoma²

2020

Preprint

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“…In comparable with the present results, Afifi et al (1992) reported 4.1% incidence of both abortion and stillbirth in Egyptian buffalo females. Ahmed and Zaher (2008) reported an abortion rate of 1.51% in Egyptian buffaloes, while Islam (2012) reported that stillbirth rate reached 1% in Bangladesh. Also, Khan et al, (2011) found that the overall incidence of abortion, stillbirth in Murrah buffaloes was 7.1 and 1.04, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when the fetus is died near term or born dead it is often called "Stillbirth" (Bagley, 1999). The incidence of stillbirth was recorded to be 1.04% in Murrah buffaloes (Khan et al, 2011) and ~3% in Pakistani buffaloes (Hashmi et al, 2013); 0.5% in dairy cattle in Bangladesh (Islam et al, 2012). It is reported that the causes of stillbirth with a non-infectious atiology is likely to be multifactorial and difficult calving may explain only about half of the stillbirths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Genetic Factors Affecting Incidence of Abortion, Stillbirth and Post–natal Mortality of Egyptian Buffaloes

El-Regalaty

Aboul-Ela.

2014

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production

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Prenatal mortality is one of the most important causes of production losses in the livestock industry. This study shed lights on the prevalence of abortion and stillbirth, and postnatal mortality up to six months in five buffalo herds (6169 pregnancy cases) to determine the effect of some non-genetic factors on the incidence of the three disorders in five buffalo herds in Egypt. These factors included the effect of farm, year, season and parity on abortion as well as dam's weight at calving, and sex, weight and age (at death) of calves on stillbirth and mortality rate..Results showed that percentage of pre-and post-natal losses was 16%,, representing 1.33% abortion, 3.65% stillbirth and 11.05% for postnatal mortality upto six months of age. The incidence of abortion was affected (P<0.001) by season, year, dam's parity, and the farm. The same factors in addition to calf's weight exerted significant (P<0.001) effects on the rate of stillbirth but dam's weight at calving did not show any significant effect (P≥0.05). Incidence of mortality was significantly (P<0.001) affected by season, year, parity, dam's weight at calving, calf's age and weight at death, and farm.This study put more emphasis on the importance of non-genetic effects as the main contributors impacting productive and reproductive performance of buffaloes. Farm conditions, herd management and policy have pronounced effects on the incidence of abortion, stillbirths, and postnatal mortality. The results of this study could be useful to enhancing productive and reproductive performance in large or small sized buffalo herds.

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“…Parity had a major impact on the occurrence of RFM milk for cow, 5th parity were reported as the highest occurrences of retained placenta (Islam et al, 2012). Furthermore, it was proven that calf birth weight has a positive correlation with placental weight, (Echternkamp and Gregory, 1999).…”

Section: Metritismentioning

confidence: 91%

Predictive biochemical and oxidative markers for dairy cows with and without retained fetal placenta

Elmetwally¹,

Shalapy

Montaser

2022

Preprint

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The changes in the expression profile of the angiogenicgenes and serum biomarkers were investigated in the cows with the retained placenta after normal parturition. Retained fetal membranes (RFM) are considered one of the main reproductive disorders in dairy cattle. Highlight the effects of Excede® (Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid: Zoetis, USA) in combination with Oxytocin (Oxytocin®, each ml contains 10 IU oxytocin, ADWIA, Egypt), Estrumate® (250µg cloprostenol: synthetic analogue of PGF2ά) and Flunixin Meglumine® (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) on the reproductive performance in dairy cows. A total of 16 cows were allocated into two groups: group 1 (n = 8) the cows that have a normal loosed placenta, and group 2 (n = 8). The cows that have retained fetal membranes for more than 24 h after parturition. Blood with EDTA was collected from the tail vein for studying the expression of angiogenic proteins including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor1 (VEGFR1), and RANTES genes. Serum was collected at a one-week interval before/after parturition for the study of biochemical changes. The VEGF expression decreased ten folds in cows with retained than normally dropped placentae (p ˂ 0.0001). The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2 (VEGFR2) showed a threefold increase in cows with normal loosed than retained placentae (p˂0.01). The RANTES was increased in cows with retained rather than normal placentae by about 7 folds (p˂0.01). Phosphorus and total proteins were significantly lower (p˂0.05) in RFM cows one week after parturition. The serum albumin, TG, HDL, and cholesterol were significantly lower (p˂0.05) in RFM before, at, and after parturition. CPK was significantly higher in RFM before, at, and after parturition (p˂0.05). Increased values of MDA and decreased values of CAT, SOD, and R-GSH were detected in the blood of cows suffering from RFM (p˂0.05). Reproductive performance parameters for all studied cows were days to first estrous, number of service per conception and pregnancy rate. All reproductive parameters demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) changes between treated animals. The translation of VEGF and its receptor and RANTESmRNA at the time of parturition in dairy cows could be proxy biomarkers for the prediction of retained fetal membranes (RFM). In the same line, the activity of total proteins, serum albumin, TG, HDL, cholesterol, and CPK would be useful in the prediction of the RFM in dairy cows. Altogether, the obtained results indicated that retained fetal membranes in cows could be treated successfully without any interference by systemic injection of cephalosporin with caring of temperature. The reproductive performance criteria for all cows studied were the time of first estrus, the number of services per conception, and pregnancy rates. All parameters of reproductive performance showed significant changes (P < 0.05) among the treated animals. The results also indicated that cephalosporin can be used by systemic injection to treat placental retention with caring of the animal's temperature.

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Incidence of Retained Placenta in Relation with Breed, Age, Parity and Body Condition Score of Dairy cows

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Retained Placenta and Subclinical Mastitis in Tanzanian Dairy Cows

Non-Genetic Factors Affecting Incidence of Abortion, Stillbirth and Post–natal Mortality of Egyptian Buffaloes

Predictive biochemical and oxidative markers for dairy cows with and without retained fetal placenta

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