Genotype has a significant effect on biological efficiencies of dairy cows. Environmental changes affect differently between different genotypes of animals. A biometrical study was conducted on reproductive organs of dairy cows (n = 100) of different genotypes (Local, Local×Holstein Friesian, Local×Jersey and Local×Sahiwal) available in Bangladesh. Reproductive tracts of cows were collected immediately after slaughter from different slaughter houses in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The comparison of morphometric values of most of the parameters of reproductive tract observed in different genotypic cows showed significant differences (p<0.05). Local×Holstein Friesian had significantly higher values (p<0.05) on the most of parameters of genitalia measured, followed by the Local×Jersey, Local×Sahiwal and Local. Local×Holstein Friesian had the longest uterine horn (29.20±1.65 cm for right and 29.87±1.75 cm for left), uterine body (3.42±0.20 cm length and 2.83±1.40 cm width), cervix (5.64±0.24 cm length and 4.89±0.23 cm width) and vagina (24.66±0.64 cm length and 6.08±0.36 cm width). The right ovary was wider in diameter, larger in length and heavier in weight as compared to left one in all genotypes. This confirms the fact of right ovary being more active than the left one. Moreover, the biometry of ovary and tubular parts of genitalia in Local×Holstein Friesian and Local×Jersey cows are suggestive for selection of crossbred dairy cows to get maximum benefits from crossbreeding in respect of productive and reproductive performance and also for genetic improvement.

BackgroundHaemonchosis is a major economic problem in goat production in humid, tropical and subtropical regions. The disease is caused by an abomasal nematode, Haemonchus contortus, which is highly pathogenic in small ruminants. The aim of this study was to identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that were associated with fecal egg counts (FEC) and could be used as markers to identify resistance to H. contortus in goats.ResultsTen novel variants in the CIITA, ATP2A3, HSPA8, STAT5B, ESYT1, and SERPING1 genes were associated with FEC in goats with a nominal significance level of P < 0.05. Two missense mutation in the exon region of the caprine CIITA gene resulted in replacement of arginine with cysteine at position 9473550 (R9473550C) and aspartic acid with glutamic acid at position 9473870 (D9473870E). Chinese goat breeds had significantly higher FEC than Bangladeshi goat breeds within their respective genotypes. Polymorphism information content (PIC), effective allele number (Ne), and heterozygosity (He) were greatest for the STAT5B_197_A > G SNP locus in all goat breeds. Pairwise coefficients of linkage disequilibrium (D´, r2) revealed complete LD (r2 = 1) between significant SNP polymorphisms in CIITA and SERPING1 and strong LD (r2 = 0.93 and 0.98) between polymorphisms in HSPA8 and ATP2A3, respectively. Correlation coefficient (r) between FEC and body weight (BW) was significantly positive (r = 0.56***, P < 0.001) but that between FEC and packed cell volume (PCV) was negatively significant (r = − 0.47**, P < 0.01) in the total population of goats. On the other hand, correlation coefficient (r) between BW and PCV was not significant in total population of goats. Association analysis revealed that haplotypes within ATP2A3, HSPA8, and SERPING1 were significantly associated with FEC. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the relative expression of mRNA was higher (P < 0.001) for resistant, compared to susceptible, groups of goats for all candidate genes except CIITA.ConclusionsThis study identified SNP markers that can potentially be used in marker-assisted selection programs to develop goat breeds that are resistant to H. contortus.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0327-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Aim: The incidence of retained placenta of dairy cows in relation to individual animal level and farm management factors such as farm type, farm size, housing system, floor type, feed quality, time of parturition, farming experience of farmer and delivery pattern of cows was determined. Materials and Methods:A total 1205 parturated dairy cows conducted in nine upazilas and four Metro Thana of Rajshahi district during July 2010 to June 2011for attainment of the result. Individual animal and farm management factors associated with retained placenta were recorded in a structured questionnaire through face-to-face farmer's interview and reviewing farm records. The raw data were compiled and statistical SPSS program to analyze to obtained result. Results:The overall incidence of retained placenta was 13.4%. The incidence was significantly higher in Local × Sahiwal genotype (4.6%) and late delivery (longer gestation period) (80%) than their counter groups (p<0.05). The large farm (6.0%) had higher incidence and had no significant effect than medium and individual household. Similarly animals housed in Tin shed building with poor ventilation facilities (6.6%), animal housed in unscientific concrete floor (6.8%), animals mostly grassed along with small amount of straw supplied (5.4%) and a farmer had less than one year farming experience (5.3%) had not significant statistically show higher incidence of retained placenta. Conclusion:The local genotype; mini farm; supplied better feed quality; vast farming experience of farmer and normal delivery with eutocia had less chance of retained placenta of dairy cows.

The study was conducted on live and slaughtered goats in Rajshahi district during the period of March, 2011 to February, 2012 by coproscopy and necroscopy studies respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the factors such as age, sex and breed of the goat which influences the prevalence of haemonchosis. The information was collected from farmers through a questionnaire. A total of 720 goats examined, of which 416 goats were found positive for Haemonchus infection and the overall prevalence of haemonchosis in goat was 57.8%. The prevalence rate was found to be higher in young (< 2 yrs), 63.8% compared to older (>2 yrs), 41.5% goats. It was observed that in relation to sex the prevalence of haemonchosis was higher in female, 63.9% compared to male, 50.0% goats. Among the breed, the crossbred goats were the maximum, 60.2% infection rate of haemonchosis than that of Black Bengal, 55.6% goats. The young stage and female goats are more prone to haemonchosis and statistically a significant difference (P<0.05) was noted but there is no significant difference (P>0.05) was found in breed of goats. The present study suggests that young aged and females goats were more susceptible but crossbred goats were slightly susceptible to haemonchosis and requires special attention for its control. International Journal of Natural Sciences (2012), 2(3):83-87 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v2i3.12137

Retained placenta is an economically important reproductive disorder which occurs at the end of the reproductive cycle and has repercussions on the next. The study was conducted a total 1205 dairy cows from 9 upazila and 4 Metro Thana of Rajshahi during the period from July 2010 to June 2011. To evaluate the incidence of retained placenta in relation to breed, age, parity and body condition score of dairy cows. A questionnaire was prepared including information viz. name and address of farmer, breed, age; parity and body condition score for achievement of the study. The overall prevalence of retained placenta was 13.4%. The influencing factors including breed, age, parity, body condition score had significant effect (P<0.05) on retained placenta. The highest prevalence was 10.7%, 4.5%, 5.6% and 7.1% observed in cross-breed, > 3 years age, 1 st parity and fair body condition group of cows, respectively. From this study, it might be concluded that local breed, ≥ 3 years but less than 5 years age group, 3 rd parity had least risk for retained placenta.