Incidence of Retinopathy Changes in the Newly Detected Cases of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

BACKGROUND DR is due to microangiopathy affecting the retinal precapillary arterioles, capillaries and venules. Vision loss from diabetes is essentially preventable with timely detection. Detection of the earliest signs of DR is an essential requirement of diabetes care leading to early preventive and treatment strategies, which can arrest progression of serious consequence of diabetes. Glycaemic control and strict control of hypertension have a clear effect on the development of the microvascular complications of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 200 patients who were diagnosed as new cases of DM type II were taken up in this study. The patients were randomly selected. Diagnostic Criteria:  Fasting blood sugar-126 mg/dL.  Post prandial blood sugar-If glucose level is higher than 200 mg/ dL after 2 hrs. RESULTS  The predominantly affected group was aged between 40 and 50 years (42.5%).  The male: female ratio was 2.1: 1.  The majority of patients had visual acuity between 6/9 and 6/18 on first presentation (43.5%).  12% of patients had positive family history.  33% of the patients were exposed to risk factors like smoking, alcohol and anaemia.  12% of the patients had bilateral diabetic retinopathy.  Of the 400 eyes evaluated 62 eyes had NPDR and 2 had PDR, while 336 had no features of diabetic retinopathy.  Among the NPDR, majority (38 eyes) fell under moderate NPDR.  One patient had vitreous haemorrhage at the time of presentation.