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BACKGROUND Vision plays a significant role in acquisition of skills such as sign language in children with hearing impairment. Auditory training after cochlear implant surgery is given in combination with visual gestures. Thus even subnormal vision will adversely affect their social development. Hence there is a need to do ophthalmic evaluation in children with severe and profound hearing loss. In this study children with severe sensorineural deafness prepared for cochlear implant surgery were evaluated for the presence of ophthalmic manifestation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective hospital-based study from April 2017 to March 2018. Children under the age of 10 years with severe sensorineural hearing loss who were referred to us for ophthalmological evaluation were included in the study. Complete ophthalmic evaluation including anterior segment examination with slitlamp, detailed fundus examination and cycloplegic refraction were done. Syndromic associations were also studied.

The discharge of a newborn who had been admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for weeks or months after birth is both joy and worry for parents. A comprehensive plan is needed to prepare the parents so that they can take care of their baby by their own after discharge from NICU. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of transitional care programmes on the competence of primary caregivers in home care management of NICU graduates. A Quasi-experimental design with a quantitative approach was adopted. The sample consisted of 80 primary caregivers selected by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using the demographic profile, structured knowledge questionnaire and observation checklist. The findings showed that the mean knowledge score of mothers regarding home care of NICU graduates improved from 12.8 ± 3.93 in pretest to 27.55 ± 1.93 after the transitional care programme. There was a significant difference between pretest and posttest knowledge of mothers in the experimental group (P < 0.001). The mean knowledge score of caregivers regarding homecare of NICU graduates improved from 12.7 ± 2.47 to 25.6 ± 3.25 after the transitional care programme. However, no significant difference was observed between the study participants of experimental and control groups (P > 0.05). A randomised control trial with a large sample size is needed to find out the impact of transitional care programmes. This intervention can be incorporated into the discharge plan of NICU graduates to minimise the readmission to the hospital.

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BACKGROUND DR is due to microangiopathy affecting the retinal precapillary arterioles, capillaries and venules. Vision loss from diabetes is essentially preventable with timely detection. Detection of the earliest signs of DR is an essential requirement of diabetes care leading to early preventive and treatment strategies, which can arrest progression of serious consequence of diabetes. Glycaemic control and strict control of hypertension have a clear effect on the development of the microvascular complications of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 200 patients who were diagnosed as new cases of DM type II were taken up in this study. The patients were randomly selected. Diagnostic Criteria:  Fasting blood sugar-126 mg/dL.  Post prandial blood sugar-If glucose level is higher than 200 mg/ dL after 2 hrs. RESULTS  The predominantly affected group was aged between 40 and 50 years (42.5%).  The male: female ratio was 2.1: 1.  The majority of patients had visual acuity between 6/9 and 6/18 on first presentation (43.5%).  12% of patients had positive family history.  33% of the patients were exposed to risk factors like smoking, alcohol and anaemia.  12% of the patients had bilateral diabetic retinopathy.  Of the 400 eyes evaluated 62 eyes had NPDR and 2 had PDR, while 336 had no features of diabetic retinopathy.  Among the NPDR, majority (38 eyes) fell under moderate NPDR.  One patient had vitreous haemorrhage at the time of presentation.