Incidence of schizophrenia among ethnic minorities in the Netherlands: A four-year first-contact study

Veling, Wim; Selten, Jean‐Paul; Veen, Natalie D.; Laan, Winfried; Blom, Jan Dirk; Hoek, Hans W.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.06.010

Cited by 151 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Based on these findings we conclude that (1) both immigrants and non-immigrants with psychotic disorders show marked cognitive deficits in immediate recall, delayed recall and attention, (2) there are marked differences in cognitive deficits between immigrant-and nonimmigrant patients, where no clear differences in psychotic symptom profiles were evident in our subsample analysis [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][12][13][14], and (3) second-generation immigrants show better performance than first-generation immigrants, especially for sustained attention.…”

Section: Dsd)mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…The seven ethnic subcategories were: (1) Dutch, (2) Morocco, (5) The Netherlands Antilles, (3) Surinam, (4) Turkey, (6) western(ized) countries (northern, southern or western Europe, the former Yugoslavia, the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan or former Netherlands East Indies), and (7) all other (non-western) countries.…”

Section: Classification Of Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies demonstrated increased incidence rates of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in immigrant groups [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. It has been argued that these high rates were the result of diagnostic bias: experiences and behavior of ethnic minorities may be misinterpreted as positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia by clinicians who are not familiar with the immigrants' culture [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive deficits and ethnicity: a cohort study of early psychosis patients in The Netherlands

Stouten

Veling

Helm

et al. 2012

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose Incidence rates of psychotic disorders are higher in immigrant groups compared to native populations. This increased risk may partly be explained by misdiagnosis. Neurocognitive deficits are a core feature of psychotic disorders, but little is known about the relationship between migration and cognition in psychotic disorders. We examined whether immigrant patients have cognitive deficits similar to non-immigrant patients, in order to investigate the plausibility of misdiagnosis as explanation for increased incidence rates. Methods Patients who made first contact for non-affective psychotic disorder were assessed in the cognitive domains sustained attention, immediate recall and delayed recall. Immigrant patients were compared to Dutch patients on cognitive performance. Results 407 Patients diagnosed with a non-affective psychotic disorder completed cognitive assessment (157 Dutch, 250 immigrants). Both Dutch and immigrant patients showed large cognitive deficits. Between-subgroup comparisons revealed large cognitive deficits for immigrants compared to Dutch, especially for immigrants from Morocco, Turkey and other non-Western countries. Conclusions These results indicate that immigrant status is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in early psychosis. The findings argue against diagnostic bias as an explanation for the increased incidence of psychotic disorders in immigrants.

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Section: Dsd)mentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Classification Of Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive deficits and ethnicity: a cohort study of early psychosis patients in The Netherlands

Stouten

Veling

Helm

et al. 2012

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…33 Similarly, minority groups who are relatively advantaged with respect to socioeconomic factors have also been found to have similar rates of psychotic disorders as the majority population, 34 most notably migrants from Western countries to the Netherlands. 35,36 Indeed, Canada's immigration policies, which favour economic migrants who are more educated and proficient in English or French, may help to explain our findings of a reduced rate of psychotic disorders among some migrant groups.…”

Section: Role Of Socioeconomic Positionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Incidence of psychotic disorders among first-generation immigrants and refugees in Ontario

Anderson

Cheng

Süsser

et al. 2015

CMAJ

117

125

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Background: Evidence suggests that migrant groups have an increased risk of psychotic disorders and that the level of risk varies by country of origin and host country. Canadian evidence is lacking on the incidence of psychotic disorders among migrants. We sought to examine the incidence of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders in first-generation immigrants and refugees in the province of Ontario, relative to the general population. Methods:We constructed a retrospective cohort that included people aged 14-40 years residing in Ontario as of Apr. 1, 1999. Population-based administrative data from physician billings and hospital admissions were linked to data from Citizenship and Immigration Canada. We used Poisson regression models to calculate age-and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for immigrant and refugee groups over a 10-year period.Results: In our cohort (n = 4 284 694), we found higher rates of psychotic disorders among immigrants from the Caribbean and Bermuda (IRR 1.60, 95% CI 1.29-1.98). Lower rates were found among immigrants from northern Europe (IRR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.91), southern Europe (IRR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41-0.90) and East Asia (IRR 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.78). Refugee status was an independent predictor of risk among all migrants (IRR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.56), and higher rates were found specifically for refugees from East Africa (IRR 1.95, 95% CI 1.44-2.65) and South Asia (IRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.12). Interpretation:The differential pattern of risk across ethnic subgroups in Ontario suggests that psychosocial and cultural factors associated with migration may contribute to the risk of psychotic disorders. Some groups may be more at risk, whereas others are protected. AbstractCMAJ Podcasts: author interview at soundcloud.com/cmajpodcasts/psychotic-disorders See also www.cmaj.ca/lookup

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“…[2][3][4] This risk may be even greater among refugees. There is a dearth of epidemiologic research involving refugees, 5 despite the United Nation's estimate that the number of refugees worldwide has reached 16.7 mil lion, the highest figure since 1996 (partly due to the humanitarian crisis in Syria).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and risk of psychosis in the Canadian context

Kirkbride

Hollander

2015

CMAJ

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Incidence of schizophrenia among ethnic minorities in the Netherlands: A four-year first-contact study

Cited by 151 publications

References 10 publications

Cognitive deficits and ethnicity: a cohort study of early psychosis patients in The Netherlands

Cognitive deficits and ethnicity: a cohort study of early psychosis patients in The Netherlands

Incidence of psychotic disorders among first-generation immigrants and refugees in Ontario

Migration and risk of psychosis in the Canadian context

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