Incidence of Subclinical Mastitis and Prevalence of Major Mastitis Pathogens in Organized Farms and Unorganized Sectors

Abstract

Subclinical mastitis (SCM) represents a major proportion of the burden of mastitis. Determining somatic cell count (SCC) and electrical conductivity (EC) of milk are useful approaches to detect SCM. In order to correlate grades of SCM with the load of five major mastitis pathogens, 246 milk samples from a handful of organized and unorganized sectors were screened. SCC (>5 × 10(5)/mL) and EC (>6.5 mS/cm) identified 110 (45 %) and 153 (62 %) samples, respectively, to be from SCM cases. Randomly selected SCM-negative samples as well as 186 samples positive by either SCC or EC were then evaluated for isolation of five major mastitis-associated bacteria. Of the 323 isolates obtained, 95 each were S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), 48 were E. coli and 85 were streptococci. There was no association between the distribution of organisms and (a) the different groups of SCC, or (b) organised farms and unorganised sectors. By contrast, there was a significant difference in the distribution of CoNS, and not other species, between organized farms and unorganized sectors. In summary, bacteria were isolated irrespective of the density of somatic cells or the type of farm setting, and the frequency of isolation of CoNS was higher with organized farms. These results suggest the requirement for fine tuning SCC and EC limits and the higher probability for CoNS to be associated with SCM in organized diary sectors, and have implications for the identification, management and control of mastitis in India.

Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pork meat in retail outlets in India

“…The enriched samples were streaked onto Baird Parker agar (Himedia, India) and suspected colonies were identified by Gram staining, catalase test, Mannitol fermentation, coagulase, and thermonuclease test as per standard protocol (Cruickshank, Duguid, Marmion, & Swain, ). The presumptive isolates were subjected to PCR targeting nuc (thermonuclease) gene, which is specific for S. aureus (Hegde et al, ).…”

“…The presumptive isolates were subjected to PCR targeting nuc (thermonuclease) gene, which is specific for S. aureus (Hegde et al, 2013).…”

Serotypes, Pathogenic Potential, and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis Milk Samples in Egypt

“…At least one of the examined virulence genes associated with pathogenic E. coli was detected in 13 isolates (93 ). We detected fimH, traT, kpsMT, ibeA, fyuA, astA, and eaeA virulence genes in 13 (93 ), 3 (21 ), 2 (14 ), 2 (14 ), 2 (14 ), 2 (14 ), and 1 (7.1 ) isolates, respectively (Table 1).…”

Effect of a natural plant ingredient — Pulsatilla saponin B4 on clinical mastitis and serum inflammatory indices in dairy cows

“…This will promote vascular permeability and the sloughing of epilithic cells, also, stimulate the secretion of chemokines, attracting leukocytes to the infected area, and causing the increase of somatic cell count in milk [10]. Thus, SCC re ects the severity of mastitis, and can be used in early diagnosis and treatment evaluation of mastitis in dairy cows [11]. Pulsatilla saponin B4 is the main active ingredient of the Pulsatilla Chinensis, which has anti-bacterial, anti-in ammatory, vasodilatory, and immunoregulatory properties, and could regulate the expression of related in ammatory cytokines via the nuclear factor kappa-B signalling pathway, relieving the in ammatory response with high e ciency [12,13].…”