Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in Residents Surrounding the Three Mile Island Nuclear Facility

Levin, Roger J.

doi:10.1097/mlg.0b013e3181613ad2

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…The study described increasing incidences of thyroid cancer in Lancaster and York counties starting 10 and 15 years after the TMI incident, but not in Dauphin County, where TMI is located. This increased incidence, however, did not correlate with the level of estimated ionizing radiation exposure in these counties 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Thyroid cancer characteristics in the population surrounding three mile island

et al. 2012

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Thyroid cancer characteristics in the population surrounding three mile island

et al. 2012

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“…31 Although the Three Mile Island nuclear accident in central Pennsylvania released significant amounts of radioactivity, several studies have shown that the Three Mile Island accident is not likely to be responsible for large increases in the incidence of thyroid cancer in Pennsylvania. 12,32,33 By contrast, obesity and dietary habits may independently contribute to the development of thyroid cancer. 31,34–37 According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data from 2010, Pennsylvania is the state with the 13th highest prevalence of obesity, with 29.1% of the population having a body mass index of 30 or greater (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

Bann

Goyal

Camacho

et al. 2014

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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IMPORTANCE The incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States has increased rapidly and Pennsylvania is the state with the highest rate of thyroid cancer in the country, although the factors driving this increase are unknown. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the increase in thyroid cancer represents a true increase in disease or is the result of overdiagnosis. OBJECTIVE To compare the increase in thyroid cancer incidence and tumor characteristics in Pennsylvania with the rest of the United States and gain insight into the factors influencing the increased incidence of thyroid cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In a population-based study, data on thyroid cancer from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results 9 (SEER-9) registry and the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry (PCR) from 1985 through 2009 were collected and reviewed for information regarding sex, race, histologic type of thyroid cancer, staging, and tumor size at diagnosis. International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition code C739 (thyroid carcinoma) was used to identify 110 615 records in the SEER-9 registry and 29 030 records in the PCR. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Average annual percent change (AAPC) in thyroid cancer incidence across various demographic groups in Pennsylvania. RESULTS The AAPC for thyroid cancer in Pennsylvania was 7.1% per year (95% CI, 6.3%–7.9%) vs 4.2% (95% CI, 3.7%–4.7%) per year in the remainder of the United States, and trends in incidence were significantly different (P < .001). Females experienced a higher AAPC (7.6% per year; 95% CI, 6.9%–8.3%) compared with males (6.1% per year; 95% CI, 4.9%–7.2%) (P < .01), and trend analysis revealed that thyroid cancer may be increasing more rapidly among black females (8.6% per year; 95% CI, 5.4%–11.9%) than among white females (7.6% per year; 95% CI, 6.8%–8.4) (P = .60; but despite the similarity in AAPC between the 2 groups, the joinpoint models fit to the data were not parallel [P < .005]). The rate of tumors with regional (7.0% per year; 95% CI, 5.8%–8.1%) or distant (1.1% per year; 95% CI, 0.3%–1.8%) spread (P < .05) and tumors that were 2 to 4 cm (7.1% per year; 95% CI, 5.2%–9.0%) (P < .05) or larger than 4 cm (6.4% per year; 95% CI, 4.5%–8.2%) (P < .05) at diagnosis also increased. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The incidence of thyroid cancer is rising at a faster rate in Pennsylvania than in the rest of the nation, as is the rate of tumors that are larger and higher stage at diagnosis. These findings suggest that rising disease burden has contributed to the increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Etiologic factors promoting the rise in thyroid cancer in Pennsylvania must be investigated and may provide insight into the drivers of the national increase in thyroid cancer.

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“…A causal relationship could not be established. [60] Other studies have also not been able to show definitive relationships.…”

Section: General Management: Security and Mass Triagementioning

confidence: 97%

Civilian nuclear incidents: An overview of historical, medical, and scientific aspects

Rojavin

Seamon

Tripathi

et al. 2011

J Emerg Trauma Shock

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Given the increasing number of operational nuclear reactors worldwide, combined with the continued use of radioactive materials in both healthcare and industry, the unlikely occurrence of a civilian nuclear incident poses a small but real danger. This article provides an overview of the most important historical, medical, and scientific aspects associated with the most notable nuclear incidents to date. We have discussed fundamental principles of radiation monitoring, triage considerations, and the short- and long-term management of radiation exposure victims. The provision and maintenance of adequate radiation safety among first responders and emergency personnel are emphasized. Finally, an outline is included of decontamination, therapeutic, and prophylactic considerations pertaining to exposure to various radioactive materials.

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Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in Residents Surrounding the Three Mile Island Nuclear Facility

Cited by 24 publications

References 42 publications

Thyroid cancer characteristics in the population surrounding three mile island

Thyroid cancer characteristics in the population surrounding three mile island

Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania

Civilian nuclear incidents: An overview of historical, medical, and scientific aspects

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