Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Finland

Harjutsalo, Valma; Sund, Reijo; Knip, Mikael; Groop, Per‐Henrik

doi:10.1001/jama.2013.8399

Cited by 222 publications

(211 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

195

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previously, stabilization of rates was observed from 2003 to 2006. Similar results were obtained in some high risk countries, which reached a plateau in the disease incidence and shift toward younger age at disease onset 19,20 . According to some authors, the increase of T1DM incidence is the consequence of earlier clinical presentation rather than of global increase of incidence, earlier exposure to external factors for the development of T1DM, and faster progression of the subclinical disease process to overt diabetes 21 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Recent Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Montenegro: A Shift Toward Younger Age at Disease Onset

Samardžić

Martinović

Nedović-Vuković

et al. 2016

ACC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY -In the last several decades, a great number of studies have pointed to a dramatic increase of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) incidence in the whole world, especially in younger age groups. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess changes in the age distribution at onset of T1DM in Montenegro children aged <15 years during a 15-year period (1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) and analyze the seasonal pattern. Primary case ascertainment was from diabetes register, secondary and tertiary independent data sources were hospital case records and register of children receiving free test stripes in pharmacy. Standardized incidence rates were calculated using the Poisson regression. Case ascertainment was 100% complete using the capture-recapture method. The mean age-standardized incidence was 18.6/100,000 (95% CI: 13.0-24.1) from 2007 to 2011 compared with 13.4/100,000 95% CI, 11.5-15.5) from 1997 to 2006. The incidence of T1DM increased predominantly in younger age groups. Relative increase of incidence per 5-year period was largest in boys aged 0-4 and 5-9 years: 64.7% (95% CI: 20.6-10.7; p=0.004) and 52.8% (95% CI: 16.9-88.8; p=0.004), respectively. Seasonality in monthly case counts of T1DM was apparent. The greatest number of cases were diagnosed during autumn and winter months. In conclusion, the onset of T1DM was found to occur at an ever younger age in Montenegro children. Our results indicated a seasonal pattern of the disease onset.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Recent Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Montenegro: A Shift Toward Younger Age at Disease Onset

Samardžić

Martinović

Nedović-Vuković

et al. 2016

ACC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The prevalence of these agonists in the environment is variable, depending on the geographic location and has been changing over time. The exposure of human beings to nicotine, for example, has been changing over the past decades due to decreased prevalence of active and passive smoking in most countries (36,37). Choline on the other hand, is contained in many types of foods, particularly in eggs, liver, and heart (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Decreases Apoptosis in Human and Female Murine Pancreatic Islets

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) results from destruction of most insulin-secreting pancreatic ␤-cells. The persistence of ␤-cells decades after the onset of the disease indicates that the resistance of individual cells to the autoimmune insult is heterogeneous and might depend on the metabolic status of a cell at a given moment. The aim of this study is to investigate whether activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nACh-Rs) could increase ␤-cell resistance against the adverse environment prevailing at the onset of T1DM. Here, we show that nACh-R activation by nicotine and choline, 2 agonists of the receptor, decreases murine and human ␤-cell apoptosis induced by proinflammatory cytokines known to be present in the islet environment at the onset of T1DM. The protective mechanism activated by nicotine and choline involves attenuation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization via modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, of the activity of B-cell lymphoma 2 family proteins and cytoplasmic calcium levels. Local inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress being key determinants of ␤-cell death in T1DM, we conclude that pharmacological activation of nACh-R could represent a valuable therapeutic option in the modulation of ␤-cell death in T1DM. (Endocrinology 157: 3800 -3808, 2016) N icotinic acetylcholine receptors (nACh-Rs) belong to a family of ligand-gated channels that form a cationselective pathway across the plasma membrane of a given cell (1) and consist of hetero-or homopentamers of 17 different ␣-, ␤-, ␥-, ␦-, and ⑀-subunits that determine the properties of the channel (2, 3). They are implicated in neuronal processes such as synaptic transmission but also in the regulation of neuronal cell death in response to injuries such as hypoxia and glutamate excitotoxicity (4) and, outside the central nervous system, in the modulation of peripheral inflammation (5, 6). Their presence has been demonstrated on human and murine ␤-cells (7, 8). The ␣7-and ␤2-subunits are the most abundantly expressed subunits in murine islets, followed by the ␣3-and ␣5-subunits (7).Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) results from autoimmune destruction of most insulin-producing ␤-cells (9). The remaining ␤-cells, although not sufficient to properly regulate blood glucose, persist several decades after the onset of the disease (10). Thus, identifying strategies to modulate the resistance of ␤-cells to the adverse environment prevailing at the onset of T1DM could be of value to prevent the massive cell death observed at the onset of the disease or even to restore a sufficient cell mass from residual cells. ␤-cells, due to their high secretory activity, are susceptible to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a mech- Abbreviations: Bcl, B-cell lymphoma; BH3, Bcl-2 homology; CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein; Cx36, connexin36; DP5, cell death-promoting gene 5; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; IFN, interferon; MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization; nACh-R, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; NO, nitric oxide; PUMA, p53 u...

show abstract

“…A study from the US Virgin Islands reported an 'epidemic-like' spike in incidence in 2006, when the incidence increased threefold compared with the previous year [8]. In Finland, a steeper rise in incidence in the early 1990s contributed a significant non-linear component to the incidence rate trend, resulting in a curvilinear, rather than cyclical, temporal trend between 1980 and 2005 [2]. Other studies have observed a non-linear temporal trend of levelling off, or plateauing, in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in recent years [2][3][4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the rates of increase and temporal trends are variable [1], Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3709-2) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. and a possible plateauing of incidence has been reported in Sweden, Finland [2] and Norway [3], as well as in Australia [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular peaks and troughs in the Australian incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (2000–2011)

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and incidence rate trends for type 1 diabetes mellitus in children aged 0-14 years, Australia-wide, from 2000 to 2011. Methods Cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus diagnosed in 0-to 14-year-olds were identified from the National (insulin-treated) Diabetes Register, with a 97% ascertainment rate. Annual agestandardised, sex-and age-specific incidences were calculated and Poisson regression was used to analyse the incidence by calendar year, sex and age at diagnosis. Non-linear temporal trends were analysed using sine and cosine functions applied to Poisson regression models for 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 year cycles, and the Akaike information criterion was used to assess goodness of fit. Results A total of 11,575 cases (6,049 boys and 5,526 girls) of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus were registered between 2000 and 2011, giving a mean incidence of 23.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 23.2, 24.0). The mean incidence was 4.9% (95% CI 1.1%, 8.8%) higher in boys than in girls.Compared with 0-to 4-year-olds, the mean incidence was 65% higher in 5-to 9-year-olds and 208% higher in 10-to 14-year-olds. A 5 year cyclical variation in incidence was observed overall, in both sexes and in all age groups. An average annual increase in incidence was observed only in the 10-to 14-year-old age group (increase of 1.2% per year [95% CI 0.4%, 2.1%]). Conclusions/interpretation A sinusoidal pattern was observed in the incidence rate trend of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Australia. The 5-yearly peaks and troughs in incidence rate trends observed Australia-wide corroborate findings previously reported for Western Australia and require further investigation.

show abstract

Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Finland

Cited by 222 publications

References 4 publications

Recent Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Montenegro: A Shift Toward Younger Age at Disease Onset

Recent Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Montenegro: A Shift Toward Younger Age at Disease Onset

Activation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Decreases Apoptosis in Human and Female Murine Pancreatic Islets

Regular peaks and troughs in the Australian incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (2000–2011)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About