Incidence, Prevalence, and Natural History of Otitis Media in Children in Pittsburgh

Casselbrant, Margaretha L.; Brostoff, Leon M.; Cantekin, Erdem I.; Ashoff, Victoria M.; Bluestone, Charles D.

doi:10.1177/00034894900990s715

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In most other studies, prevalences were calculated by including all children who were diagnosed once with OME in the numerator and the original cohort in the denominator 10 . 11 , 27 –29 The point prevalences of these other studies are therefore much higher than our calculated prevalences. Moreover, most of the children in the other studies were older.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Seasonal variation in the prevalence of persistent otitis media with effusion in one‐year‐old infants

Rovers

Straatman

Zielhuis

et al. 2000

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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The objective of this population-based cohort study was to evaluate the prevalence of persistent otitis media with effusion (OME) and its seasonal variation in 12-month-old infants. All 30099 infants born in the eastern part of The Netherlands between 1 January 1996 and 1 April 1997 were invited for hearing screening, comprising a protocol of three possible tests. Those who failed all three screening tests were referred to an ENT clinic for examination. Prevalences (i.e. the probability that a child would fail all the screening tests) were calculated by searching for the best logistic model for the first, second and third screening test as well as for the visit to an ENT department. By multiplying the prevalences found by the different models with each other, a prevalence was calculated that accounted for increasing age and the timing of the successive hearing tests. Furthermore, 95% confidence intervals were calculated for this age-season-corrected prevalence. When all the children attended the hearing tests at 9, 10, 11 and 12 months of age and when the number of births was the same in all months, the overall prevalence was 4.8% [95% CI 4.3, 5.2]. The highest prevalence (8.0%) was found in April, and the lowest (1.5%) in October. Rates of bilateral OME during the late winter months were twice as high as those during the late summer.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Seasonal variation in the prevalence of persistent otitis media with effusion in one‐year‐old infants

Rovers

Straatman

Zielhuis

et al. 2000

Paediatric Perinatal Epid

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“…There were 19 studies from the United States, 10 from Denmark, 9 from England, 7 from the Netherlands, 4 from Sweden, 4 from Israel, 2 from Canada, 2 from Italy, 1 each from Brazil, Finland, New Zealand, Scotland, Switzerland, and 1 multinational study. Several articles that appeared promising after initial screening were later excluded including two RCTs of antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo for children with sporadic (not recurrent) AOM considered “at risk” for recurrent AOM, 93,94 2 OME cohort studies in neonates followed less than 6 months, 95,96 3 OME cohort studies that included type C tympanograms in their definition of OME, 97–99 10 OME studies with cohorts already reported in other source articles, 100–109 and 3 OME studies for which data were not extractable 110–112 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural history of untreated otitis media

2003

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ObjectivelHypothesis:Data from cohort studies and untreated groups in randomized controlled trials can be identified through systematic literature review and synthesized with meta-analysis to estimate natural history of acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effision (OME). Study D e s i p Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Method Source articles were identified by MEDLINE search through August 2002 plus manual crosschecks of bibliographies and published meta-analyses. Data were abstracted independently by two investigators and combined with random effects meta-analysis to estimate spontaneous resolution, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed. Results: Sixty-three articles met inclusion criteria AOM symptoms improved within 24 hours without antibiotics in 61% of children (95% CI, 50-72%), rising to 80% by 2 to 3 days (95% CI, 69-%).Suppurative complications were comparable if antibiotics were withheld (0.12%) or provided (0.24%). Children entered recurrent AOM trials with a mean rate of 5.5 or more annual episodes but averaged only 2.8 annual episodes while on placebo (95% CI, 2.2-3.4). No AOM episodes occurred in 41%, and only 17% remained otitis prone (3 or more episodes). OME after untreated AOM had 59% resolution by 1 month (95% CI, 50-68%) and 74% resolution by 3 months (95% CI, 68-SO%). OME of unknown duration had 28% spontaneous resolution by 3 months (95%, CI 14-41%), rising to 42% by 6 months (95% CI, 35-49%). In contrast, chronic OME had only 26% resolution by 6 months and 33% resolution by 1 year. Conclusions: The natural history of otitis media is very favorable. Combined estimates of spontaneous resolution provide a benchmark against which to judge new or established interventions. The need for surgery in children with recurrent AOM or chronic OME should be balanced against the likelihood of timely spontaneous resolution and the potential risk of learning, language, or other adverse se-

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“…These early episodes may often be followed by other respiratory infections later in childhood while repeated episodes of otitis media become less common (Bentdal et al, ). Far fewer children present with otitis media by age six (Casselbrant et al, ). We test whether the timing of growth changes in CET morphology correspond to these developmental stages.…”

Section: Anatomical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial Indicators Identified for Peak Incidence of Otitis Media

Pagano

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2017

The Anatomical Record

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Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common pediatric conditions worldwide. Peak age of occurrence for AOM has been identified within the first postnatal year and it remains frequent until approximately six postnatal years. Morphological differences between adults and infants in the cartilaginous Eustachian tube (CET) and associated structures may be responsible for development of this disease yet few have investigated normal growth trajectories. We tested hypotheses on coincidence of skeletal growth changes and known ages of peak AOM occurrence. Growth was divided into five dental eruption stages ranging from edentulous neonates (Stage 1) to adults with erupted third maxillary molars (Stage 5). A total of 32 three-dimensional landmarks were used and Generalized Procrustes Analysis was performed. Next, we performed principal components analysis and calculated univariate measures. It was found that growth change in Stage 1 was the most rapid and comprised the largest amount of overall growth in upper respiratory tract proportions (where time is represented by the natural logarithmic transformation of centroid size). The analysis of univariate measures showed that Stage 1 humans did indeed possess the relatively shortest and most horizontally oriented CET's with the greatest amount of growth change occurring at the transition to Stage 2 (eruption of deciduous dentition at five postnatal months, commencing peak AOM incidence) and ceasing by Stage 3 (approximately six postnatal years). Skeletal indicators appear related to peak ages of AOM incidence and may contribute to understanding of a nearly ubiquitous human disease. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1721-1740, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Incidence, Prevalence, and Natural History of Otitis Media in Children in Pittsburgh

Cited by 6 publications

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Seasonal variation in the prevalence of persistent otitis media with effusion in one‐year‐old infants

Seasonal variation in the prevalence of persistent otitis media with effusion in one‐year‐old infants

Natural history of untreated otitis media

Cranial Indicators Identified for Peak Incidence of Otitis Media

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