Incidence Rates and Cumulative Incidences of the Full Spectrum of Diagnosed Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence

Dalsgaard, Søren; Thorsteinsson, Erla; Trabjerg, Betina B.; Schullehner, Jörg; Plana‐Ripoll, Oleguer; Brikell, Isabell; Wimberley, Theresa; Thygesen, Malene; Madsen, Kathrine Bang; Timmerman, Allan; Schendel, Diana; McGrath, John J.; Mortensen, Preben Bo; Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3523

Cited by 321 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The SNP-based h 2 results for ADHD and ASD were similar albeit somewhat higher for both LDSC and LDAK when using estimates based on a Danish child-specific study [19], compared to using prevalence estimates from the whole Danish population [18]; see Tables S4 and S5.…”

Section: Sex-stratified Snp-based H 2 Estimates and Assessment Of Sexmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Additionally, these prevalence estimates may not generalize to populations outside of the USA. Therefore, we also used sex-specific cumulative incidence rates at age 50 years, based on individuals identified through inpatient and outpatient care in Denmark [18], as well as childhood-specific (age <18 years) estimates for the 2 neurodevelopmental disorders in our analyses (ADHD & ASD), based on a more recent Danish study, as the discovery GWAS for these traits were based on samples of mostly children [19]; see Table S2.…”

Section: Sex-specific Trait Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining sex-differentiated genetic effects across neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits

Martin

Khramtsova

Goleva

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background:The origin of sex differences in prevalence and presentation of neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits is largely unknown. Given established genetic contributions and correlations across these traits, we tested for a sex-differentiated genetic architecture within and between traits. Methods:Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 20 neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits, we tested for differences in SNP-based heritability (h 2 ) and genetic correlation (rg<1) between sexes. For each trait, we computed z-scores from sex-stratified GWAS regression coefficients and identified genes with sex-differentiated effects. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between z-scores for each trait pair, to assess whether specific pairs share variants with sex-differentiated effects. Finally, we tested for sex differences in between-trait genetic correlations.Results: With current sample sizes (and power), we found no significant, consistent sex differences in SNP-based h 2 . Between-sex, within-trait genetic correlations were consistently high, although significantly less than 1 for educational attainment and risk-taking behavior. We identified genome-wide significant genes with sex-differentiated effects for eight traits. Several trait pairs shared sex-differentiated effects. The top 0.1% of genes with sex-differentiated effects across traits overlapped with neuron-and synapse-related gene sets. Most between-trait genetic correlation estimates were similar across sex, with several exceptions (e.g. educational attainment & risk-taking behavior). Conclusions: Sex differences in the common autosomal genetic architecture of neuropsychiatric and behavioral phenotypes are small and polygenic, requiring large sample sizes. Genes with sex-differentiated effects are enriched for neuron-related gene sets. This work motivates further investigation of genetic, as well as environmental, influences on sex differences.

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Section: Sex-stratified Snp-based H 2 Estimates and Assessment Of Sexmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Sex-specific Trait Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Examining sex-differentiated genetic effects across neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits

Martin

Khramtsova

Goleva

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In addition, children with ADHD are at increased risk of a range of adverse outcomes , including the development of substance use disorders (SUD) . In general, the risk of SUD increases through adolescence, to reach its maximum during early adulthood , with a faster progression rate in ADHD than in the general population . In individuals with ADHD, known predictors of SUD include persistent ADHD , being diagnosed with ADHD in later adolescence or adulthood , and co‐occurrence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder (ODD/CD) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic liability to ADHD and substance use disorders in individuals with ADHD

et al. 2020

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Aims 1) To investigate whether genetic liability to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), indexed by polygenic risk scores for ADHD (PRS‐ADHD), is associated with substance use disorders (SUD) in individuals with ADHD. 2) To investigate whether other individual‐ or family‐related risk factors for SUD could mediate or confound this association. Design Population‐based cohort study Setting and participants ADHD cases in the iPSYCH sample (a Danish case‐cohort sample of genotyped cases with specific mental disorders), born in Denmark between 1981 and 2003 (N = 13 116). Register‐based information on hospital diagnoses of SUD was available until December 31, 2016. Measurements We estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for any SUD as well as for different SUD types (alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drugs) and severities (use, abuse, and addiction), with effect sizes corresponding to a comparison of the highest PRS‐ADHD decile to the lowest. Findings PRS‐ADHD were associated with any SUD (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.11–1.51). Estimates were similar across different types and severity levels of SUD. Other risk factors for SUD (male sex, age at ADHD diagnosis, comorbid conduct problems, and parental factors including SUD, mental disorders, and socio‐economic status) were independently associated with increased risk of SUD. PRS‐ADHD explained a minor proportion of the variance in SUD (0.2% on the liability scale) compared to the other risk factors. The association between PRS‐ADHD and any SUD was slightly attenuated (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.03–1.41) after adjusting for the other risk factors for SUD. Furthermore, associations were nominally higher in females than in males (ORfemales = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.19–2.12, ORmales = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.98–1.42). Conclusions A higher genetic liability to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder appears to be associated with higher risks of substance use disorders in individuals with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

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“…Adolescence is a critical developmental stage for the onset of psychological difficulties and mental health problems, ranging from transient mild symptoms to full-blown anxiety disorders [2]. The core challenge in this age span is the derivation of developmentally more sensitive assessment methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adolescence is considered a crucial developmental stage with different transformations that impact physical, psychological and sociological levels [1]. Related to these changes, different authors have revealed that there is an increase in psychological difficulties ranging from transient mild symptoms to full-blown anxiety disorders [2]. For instance, prevalence rates of depression and anxiety increase at this time [3,4], and it has also been documented that adolescents are at a higher risk of emotional and behavioral difficulties [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Evidences about Subjective Well-Being in Adolescence and Its Links with Neurocognitive Performance

Ortuño‐Sierra

Solana

Fonseca‐Pedrero

2020

IJERPH

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The main purpose of the present work was to study the neurocognitive endophenotypes of adolescents at risk for low personal wellbeing. The sample included a total of 1588 adolescents from stratified random cluster sampling; derived from this sample, a group of high-risk (n = 84) and a control group (n = 84) were selected. The personal well-being index–school children (PWI–SC), the University of Pennsylvania computerized neuropsychological test battery for children (included 14 tasks assessing five neurobehavioral domains: executive functions, episodic memory, complex cognition, social cognition and sensorimotor speed), and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) were used. Adolescents with low personal wellbeing showed statistically significant impairments across the different neurocognitive domains. In particular, adolescents at risk showed lower accuracy scores on executive function and complex cognition and lower speed scores on episodic memory, complex cognition and social cognition scores. The results of the present study contribute relevant information about the nature of neurocognitive impairments associated with subjective wellbeing and allow implementing preventive treatments.

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Incidence Rates and Cumulative Incidences of the Full Spectrum of Diagnosed Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence

Cited by 321 publications

References 70 publications

Examining sex-differentiated genetic effects across neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits

Examining sex-differentiated genetic effects across neuropsychiatric and behavioral traits

Genetic liability to ADHD and substance use disorders in individuals with ADHD

New Evidences about Subjective Well-Being in Adolescence and Its Links with Neurocognitive Performance

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