“…In the literature, conceptualisations of digital competence are associated with many features such as information, media and communication studies, education and information sciences/systems (Elmira et al, 2022;Murawski & Bick, 2017;Oberlander, Beinicke, & Bipp, 2020). Digital competence is all the knowledge, skills and attitudes that an individual employs in the process of accessing, understanding and using information in different formats in various digital environments (Bianco, Giaconi, Gison, D'Angelo, & Capellini, 2021). With the increase in online learning opportunities, digital competencies are among the prominent concepts recently and among the most important skills specified by experts in the fields of policy, education and science (Alamer et al, 2022).…”