Inclusion characterisation – tool for measurement of steel cleanliness and process control: Part 2

Kaushik, Pallava; Pielet, H.; Yin, H.

doi:10.1179/030192309x12492910938177

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The inclusion amount and the measure of steel cleanliness are indicated by the total oxygen content in the steel. 6) Samples were taken from selected heats and were tested in a LECO tester to obtain total oxygen amount.…”

Section: Total Oxygen Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bend Failure Mechanism of Zinc Coated Advanced High Strength Steel

2018

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Section: Total Oxygen Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bend Failure Mechanism of Zinc Coated Advanced High Strength Steel

2018

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“…So far, only optical emission spectrometry with pulse discrimination analysis (OES-PDA) has been tested for the simultaneous analysis of steel and oxide inclusions, but the results have not been consistent with other techniques. [3] Sometimes the surface analysis can be misleading, especially when large amounts of small inclusions are present. Another challenge is the analysis of microalloying elements due to their small quantities compared to the main components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Alloying Elements Ti, Nb, Mn, Ni, and Cr in Double-Stabilized Ferritic Stainless Steel Process Sample Using an Electrolytic Extraction Method and Separate Analysis of Inclusions

Sipola

Alatarvas

Heikkinen

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans B

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TEIJA SIPOLA, TUOMAS ALATARVAS, EETU-PEKKA HEIKKINEN, and TIMO FABRITIUS Chromium, nickel, and manganese are common alloying elements in stainless steels. Additionally, titanium and niobium are added as microalloying elements to certain stainless steel grades. A double-stabilized stainless steel sample was dissolved in electrolyte using an electrolytic extraction method. Inclusions were separated from the electrolyte with vacuum filtration and put through a separate elemental analysis. Steel-soluble alloying elements were determined from the electrolyte after the extraction, and the elemental analysis of inclusions was performed. The results were compared to the ones obtained from the surface analysis commonly used in the steel industry. It was concluded that the alloying elements were distributed between inclusions and the steel matrix. Therefore, optical emission analysis from a solid steel sample can be misleading. The results might not accurately depict the composition of the steel matrix. Electrolytic extraction methods combined with elemental analysis provide accurate information about the real matrix composition of microalloying elements in steel. The method is also a tool for the simultaneous analysis of inclusions in 3D and soluble alloying elements.

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“…We have recently demonstrated that capturing cathodoluminescence (CL) images enables MgAl 2 O 4 spinel and Al 2 O 3 inclusions in steels to be distinguished more rapidly than by the conventional method . CL analysis is obtaining images and spectra based on the phenomenon of light emission from materials as a result of electron bombardment and can simultaneously identify the amount, size distribution, shape, and occasionally, composition of non‐metallic inclusions in steel …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodoluminescence analysis of nonmetallic inclusions of nitrides in steel

Imashuku

Wagatsuma

2018

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Identification of nitride inclusions such as boron nitride (BN) and aluminum nitride (AlN) is important in the steelmaking industry because BN inclusions deteriorate the creep strength of ferritic heat‐resistant steel, and AlN inclusions cause transverse cracking in twin‐induced‐plasticity steel. The conventional method employed for the analysis of such inclusions in steel comprises both optical microscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), which is the time‐consuming. The aim of this study is to investigate the application of cathodoluminescence (CL) analysis (both images and spectra) to the rapid identification of BN and AlN inclusions. Measurement samples were prepared by heating mixtures of 99 mass% Fe and 1 mass% B or Al powders at 1550°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. BN inclusions larger than 5 μm and AlN inclusions 20 μm in size were identified within 1 second on the basis of their luminescence color (blue‐violet for BN and blue for AlN) in the CL images. We demonstrated that BN, AlN, and alumina inclusions could be identified from their CL spectra without the conventional method of EPMA. Capturing a CL image can provide a means of rapidly identifying BN and AlN inclusions in steel. We also carried out CL analysis on a sample containing TiN inclusions which can trigger cleavage fracture in low‐carbon steels. No luminescence was detected in the CL image, and there were no CL spectral peaks, indicating that it is difficult to apply CL analysis to the identification of TiN inclusions.

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Inclusion characterisation – tool for measurement of steel cleanliness and process control: Part 2

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Bend Failure Mechanism of Zinc Coated Advanced High Strength Steel

Bend Failure Mechanism of Zinc Coated Advanced High Strength Steel

Determination of Alloying Elements Ti, Nb, Mn, Ni, and Cr in Double-Stabilized Ferritic Stainless Steel Process Sample Using an Electrolytic Extraction Method and Separate Analysis of Inclusions

Cathodoluminescence analysis of nonmetallic inclusions of nitrides in steel

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