Inclusion of grape marc in dairy cattle rations alters the bovine milk proteome

Abstract

Grape marc (GPM) is a viticulture by-product that is rich in secondary compounds, including condensed tannins (CT), and is used as a supplement in livestock feeding practices. The aim of this study was to determine whether feeding GPM to lactating dairy cows would alter the milk proteome through changes in nitrogen (N) partitioning. Ten lactating Holstein cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) top-dressed with either 1.5 kg dry matter (DM)/cow/day GPM (GPM group; n = 5) or 2.0 kg DM/cow/day of a 50:50 beet pulp: soy hulls mix (control group; n = 5). Characterization of N partitioning and calculation of N partitioning was completed through analysis of plasma urea-N, urine, feces, and milk urea-N. Milk samples were collected for general composition analysis, HPLC quantification of the high abundance milk proteins (including casein isoforms, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of the low abundance protein enriched milk fraction. No differences in DMI, N parameters, or calculated N partitioning were observed across treatments. Dietary treatment did not affect milk yield, milk protein or fat content or yield, or the concentrations of high abundance milk proteins quantified by HPLC analysis. Of the 127 milk proteins that were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis, 16 were affected by treatment, including plasma proteins and proteins associated with the blood-milk barrier, suggesting changes in mammary passage. Immunomodulatory proteins, including butyrophilin subfamily 1 member 1A and serum amyloid A protein, were higher in milk from GPM-fed cows. Heightened abundance of bioactive proteins in milk caused by dietary-induced shifts in mammary passage could be a feasible method to enhance the healthfulness of milk for both the milk-fed calf and human consumer. Additionally, the proteome shifts observed in this trial could provide a starting point for the identification of biomarkers suitable for use as indicators of mammary function.

Nutrigenomic Effects of Long-Term Grape Pomace Supplementation in Dairy Cows

“…Further, the milk of dairy cows fed for three months with a diet containing 15% GP preserved the normal levels of fat, protein and caseins [22]. Finally, in a 4-week trial, dietary grape marc did not affect milk yield, milk protein or milk fat content of mid-lactation Holstein cows [40]. Overall, the present data further support the evidence that dietary GP does not alter milk yield or composition even after long-term supplementation.…”

Supplementation with antioxidants and phenolic compounds in ruminant feeding and its effect on dairy products: a systematic review

“…Some studies also reported the progeny of the animals such as primiparous (Safari et al ., 2018; Li et al ., 2021) and multiparous (Hausmann et al ., 2018; Safari et al ., 2018; Li et al ., 2021; Wang et al ., 2021) and included the period of lactation (Ianni et al ., 2019, 2021; Bonanno et al ., 2019b; Mapato et al ., 2021; Menci et al ., 2021) or specified mid-lactation (Scuderi et al ., 2019; Simitzis et al ., 2019). Design of the studies included randomized (Cais-Sokolińska et al ., 2015; Hausmann et al ., 2018; Safari et al ., 2018; Ianni et al ., 2019; Bonanno et al ., 2019a; Walkenhorst et al ., 2020; Li et al ., 2021; Wang et al ., 2021), stratified (Scuderi et al ., 2019; Walkenhorst et al ., 2020), allocated (Delgadillo-Puga et al ., 2019; Simitzis et al ., 2019) and 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (Mapato et al ., 2021). Dairy products evaluated in different studies included kefir (Cais-Sokolińska et al ., 2015), milk (all other papers) and, additionally, cheese (Ianni et al ., 2019; Bonanno et al ., 2019a, 2019b; Menci et al ., 2021).…”

Characterization of variations within the rumen metaproteome of Holstein dairy cattle relative to morning feed offering

“…Peptides were separated using a gradient of 2.5-35% CH 3 CN/0.1% FA over 60 min, 35-100% CH 3 CN/0.1% FA in 1 min and then 100% CH 3 CN/0.1% FA for 4 min, followed by an immediate return to 2.5% CH 3 CN/0.1% FA and a hold at 2.5% CH 3 CN/0.1% FA. The nanospray and data acquisition methods were completed per Scuderi et al 39 . Briefly, samples were loaded onto a 100 μm × 500 mm capillary column packed with Halo C18 (2.7 μm particle size, 90 nm pore size, Michrom Bioresources, CA, USA) at a flow rate of 300 nL min −1 .…”