Income and child mortality in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to quantify the relationship between national income and infant and under-five mortality in developing countries. Design: We conducted a systematic literature search of studies that examined the relationship between income and child mortality (infant and/or under-five mortality) and meta-analysed their results. Setting: Developing countries. Main outcome measures: Child mortality (infant and /or under-five mortality). Results: The systematic literature search identified 24 studies, which produced 38 estimates that examined the impact of income on the mortality rates. Using meta-analysis, we produced pooled estimates of the relationship between income and mortality. The pooled estimate of the relationship between income and infant mortality before adjusting for covariates is À0.95 (95% CI À1.34 to À0.57) and that for under-five mortality is À0.45 (95% CI À0.79 to À0

Access to Cytotoxic Medicines by Children With Cancer: A Focus on Low and Middle Income Countries

“…The GNI per capita correlates inversely with the under five mortality rate [14,15] generally held to be a good measure of the health of a population, [16] and the AGHE per capita correlates directly with the average 5-year survival rate for children with cancer in low and middle income countries. [17] There was overall a statistically significant correlation between the listing of antineoplastic drugs and GNI per capita, as hypothesized, consistent with the findings of Bazargani et al on a selection of essential antineoplastic drugs in NEMLs from 76 countries.…”

Óbitos infantis evitáveis nas coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grandedo Sul, Brasil, de 1993 e 2004

“…Entre os aspectos positivos incluem-se a coleta primária dos dados de mortalidade no primeiro ano de vida em duas coortes de nascimento, da mesma cidade, com 11 anos de inter- 3 refletem o efeito de inúme-ras intervenções bem-sucedidas, tanto sociais quanto na organização do sistema de saúde, implementadas no país a partir da década de 80 18 . Contudo, inequidades sociais decorrentes, principalmente, do nível econômico (renda e escolaridade materna), cor da pele e grupo étnico, com reflexos negativos sobre os indicadores de mortalidade infantil, ainda persistem e se repetem nos dias atuais, até mesmo em países desenvolvidos da Europa e nos Estados Unidos 3,19,20 .…”

An Analysis of the Impact of Minimum Core Human Rights Deprivation on Under Five Mortality.

“…It is known that wealthier countries have lower levels of child mortality [6] and that this is mediated by midstream determinants of health [7], including water and sanitation [8][9], education [10] and basic healthcare [8]. The essence approach asserts that a rights based strategy will only reduce child mortality if minimum core rights are prioritized [11] and that a stronger minimum core could make a significant contribution towards global health equity [3].…”