Incomplete flagellar structures in Escherichia coli mutants

Suzuki, Takayuki; Komeda, Yoshibumi

doi:10.1128/jb.145.2.1036-1041.1981

Cited by 77 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The simplest structure found was a`rivet', comprising the MS-ring and rod. Similar results were obtained with mutants of E. coli (Suzuki & Komeda 1981). A more recent study identi¢ed an even simpler initial structure, the MS-ring alone, and provided many details of the morphological pathway (Kubori et al 1992).…”

Section: Assemblysupporting

confidence: 69%

Constraints on models for the flagellar rotary motor

Berg

2000

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Most bacteria that swim are propelled by flagellar filaments, each driven at its base by a rotary motor embedded in the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. A motor is about 45 nm in diameter and made up of about 20 different kinds of parts. It is assembled from the inside out. It is powered by a proton (or in some species, a sodium-ion) flux. It steps at least 400 times per revolution. At low speeds and high torques, about 1000 protons are required per revolution, speed is proportional to protonmotive force, and torque varies little with temperature or hydrogen isotope. At high speeds and low torques, torque increases with temperature and is sensitive to hydrogen isotope. At room temperature, torque varies remarkably little with speed from about -100 Hz (the present limit of measurement) to about 200 Hz, and then it declines rapidly reaching zero at about 300 Hz. These are facts that motor models should explain. None of the existing models for the flagellar rotary motor completely do so.

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Section: Assemblysupporting

confidence: 69%

Constraints on models for the flagellar rotary motor

Berg

2000

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…1980). YK4104 is a fiiA derivative of YKCMIO (Suzuki and Komeda, 1981). The pBluescript vectors SKII+ and KSII-f were obtained from Stratagene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The filA (rpoF) gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes an alternative sigma factor required for flagellin synthesis

Starnbach

Lory

1992

Molecular Microbiology

122

106

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In order to better understand the regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin expression we cloned the sigma factor of RNA polymerase used to transcribe the flagellin gene. It is a member of the sigma 28 class of alternative sigma factors described in several bacterial genera. Using the published sequence of the fliA gene encoding the sigma 28 from Salmonella typhimurium, we designed two oligonucleotides and, using the polymerase chain reaction, isolated the fliA gene from S. typhimurium chromosomal DNA. This heterologous probe was used in the DNA blot analysis of restriction digests of P. aeruginosa DNA. A 1.7 kb SalI-EcoRI fragment reacted with the probe and this fragment was cloned into the pBluescript vectors. The P. aeruginosa fliA gene was able to complement the motility defect of an Escherichia coli fliA mutant, but only when transcription was driven from the vector promoter. Insertional inactivation of the fliA gene with a gentamicin gene cassette rendered P. aeruginosa nonmotile and unable to express the flagellin gene. The 1.7 kb cloned fragment was sequenced and shown to contain the entire fliA gene. P. aeruginosa FliA shares 67% amino acid similarity with the homologous S. typhimurium sequence. Transcriptional analysis of the fliA gene showed that its expression was not dependent on RpoN, a sigma factor shown also to be required for flagellin synthesis. A reading frame downstream of fliA was found to encode the P. aeruginosa homologue of the enterobacterial cheY gene.

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“…Cell Strains and Tethering Polyhook cells were from E. coli K-12 strain HCB9, a derivative of wild-type strain AW405 (1) obtained by P1 transduction of fliC and fliK694 alleles from strains YK4161 and YK4105, respectively (Ref. 30, gifts of M.I. Simon).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance of bacterial polyhooks measured with optical tweezers

1991

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In earlier work, a single‐beam gradient force optical trap (“optical tweezers”) was used to measure the torsional compliance of flagella in wild‐type cells of Escherichia coli that had been tethered to glass by a single flagellum. This compliance was nonlinear, exhibiting a torsionally soft phase up to 180°, followed by a torsionally rigid phase for larger angles. Values for the torsional spring constant in the soft phase were substantially less than estimates based on the rigidity determined for isolated flagellar filaments. It was suggested that the soft phase might correspond to wind‐up of the flagellar hook, and the rigid phase to wind‐up of the stiffer filament. Here, we have measured the torsional compliance of flagella on cells of an E. coli strain that produces abnormally long hooks but no filaments. The small‐angle compliance of these cells, as determined from the elastic rebound of the cell body after wind‐up and release, was found to be the same as for wild‐type cells. This confirms that the small‐angle compliance of wild‐type cells is dominated by the response of the hook. Hook flexibility is likely to play a useful role in stabilizing the flagellar bundle.

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Incomplete flagellar structures in Escherichia coli mutants

Cited by 77 publications

References 13 publications

Constraints on models for the flagellar rotary motor

Constraints on models for the flagellar rotary motor

The filA (rpoF) gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes an alternative sigma factor required for flagellin synthesis

Compliance of bacterial polyhooks measured with optical tweezers

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