Inconel-steel multilayers by liquid dispersed metal powder bed fusion: Microstructure, residual stress and property gradients

Abstract

terfaces between the individual phases or alloys and narrow heat affected zones resulting in limited the first-order residual stress, macroscopic distortion and secondary phase formation represents still a serious technological challenge [11]. By their principle of a sequential layer-by-layer deposition, additive manufacturing technologies (AM) are ideally suited to manufacture parts with complex external and internal geometries [3, 12-14]. Additionally, powder and wire feed material supplies have been known to allow for an adjustment of volume fraction of metallic components [15-17]. In particular, the directed energy deposition (DED) approach, in which powder is fed into the melt-zone and molten at every layer by a laser, can be used to fabricate components with a variable layerby-layer composition and unique microstructures [18]. Within this contribution, however, a novel laser powder bed fusion-related technology, based on liquid dispersed metal powder, is used to produce a multi-metal hybrid structure.

Defects in a Laser Powder Bed Fused Tool Steel

“…Access to synchrotron facilities would provide high‐energy XRD (HEXRD), which is a powerful tool to measure and evaluate such stress profiles respectively accumulations and is planned in future work. In addition to stress measurements, similar to those carried out by Bodner et al, [ 31 ] HEXRD would also introduce the opportunity to correlate spatially resolved phase analysis and texture measurements in reasonable testing times with sufficient grain statistics to the microstructural evolution of the samples.…”

Residual stress distribution of a locally and inductively quenched and tempered 50CrMo4 steel analysed by synchrotron transmission techniques

“…The elastic constant employed for calculation of stress from strain was 1 2 S 110; martensite 2 ¼ 5:59 Â 10 À3 GPa À1 . For more details please refer to S.C. Bodner et al [19], where the same approach has been used to determine residual stress maps in similarly sized and microstructurally complex additively manufactured samples.…”

Assessment of Process, Parameters, Residual Stress Mitigation, Post Treatments and Finite Element Analysis Simulations of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Technique

“…Also, residual compressive stress can improve the material life of metal AM fabrication. Bodner et al [130] investigated that in Inconel 625 alloy, the zig-zag cracks have occurred due to mismatch of coefficient of thermal expansion in the sublayers causes residual stresses. The surface temperature altitude during deposition is strongly affected by scanning length and energy input [131].…”