Incorporating conjugated carbonyl compounds into carbon nanomaterials as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage

Abstract

The increasing demand for energy and growing concerns for environmental issues are promoting the development of organic electrode materials. Among these, conjugated carbonyl compounds (CCCs) represent one of the most attractive and promising candidates for sustainable and eco-benign energy storage devices in the coming future. However, most of the current compounds suffer from dissolution in organic electrolytes and low electronic conductivity, which result in severe capacity decay and poor rate performance. Recently, researchers have achieved considerable progress by introducing electroactive carbonyl compounds into carbon nanomaterials. This perspective provides an overview of the up-to-date development of these nanocomposites in metal ion batteries (lithium-ion batteries or sodium-ion batteries) and supercapacitors (SCs), including the synthesis, performance improvement and applications. We mainly focus on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and mesoporous carbon (MC) as carbon nanomaterials because of their high specific surface area, good conductivity, electrochemical stability and favourable interaction with conjugated carbonyl compounds. This strategy opens up new possibilities to realize cost-effective, sustainable and versatile energy storage devices.

Aromatic Polyimide/Graphene Composite Organic Cathodes for Fast and Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Electronically conducting additives such as carbon, metals, and conductive polymers have shown to be effective for improving the high‐rate capability of polymeric‐cathode‐based batteries . So far, the main avenues of incorporating electron‐conducting additives include coating, fillers, composites, and matrix skeleton .…”

“…[25,26] Electronicallyc onducting additives such as carbon, metals, and conductive polymers have shown to be effective for improvingt he high-rate capability of polymeric-cathode-based batteries. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] So far,t he main avenues of incorporating electron-conducting additives include coating, fillers, composites, and matrixs keleton. [33,[36][37][38] Amongt hem, conductive carbon fillers such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been commonly used as electronically conductive additives for organic electrodes owing to their highe lectronic conductivity.…”

Interplay of Porosity, Wettability, and Redox Activity as Determining Factors for Lithium–Organic Electrochemical Energy Storage Using Biomolecules

“…A circular carbon current collector covered with the active material was used as the working electrode. The electrolyte was chosen as it is one of the most common choices for carbonyl‐based organic lithium‐ion batteries . All Swagelok‐type cells were assembled in a glovebox with low water and O 2 levels.…”

A Reduced Graphene Oxide/Disodium Terephthalate Hybrid as a High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In contrast to inorganic materials, organic materials are inexpensive, whichc an originate from renewabler esources, [25] and meanwhile, they can be easily disposed through low-temperature combustion. [26] Organic conjugated carboxylic acids represent one of the most promising organic electrode materials towardsp ractical application, [19,[27][28][29] which store sodium through ar eversible two-electron redox reactionw ith al ow potentialr esulting from the loss of resonance or aromaticity.T erephthalic acid (TPA) and its derivativesa re the mostly studied organic conjugated carboxylic acids because of their easy accessibility and superior sodium storage capability. [15][16][17]30] For example, disodium terephthalate (Na 2 TP) has ah igh theoretical capacity of 255 mA hg À1 and ar edox potential of approximately 0.4 V versust he Na + /Na couple, which is high enough to prevent the formation of sodium dendrite and low enough to sustaina high energy density for af ull cell.…”

“…[14] In ordert oi mprovet he performance of Na 2 TP,W an et al synthesized Na 2 TP nanosheets and the transport distance of the Na + ions and the electrons was effectively shortened, but it stillh ad al ow electricalc onductivity. [32] The electrochemical performance of organic conjugated carboxylic acids can be enhanced through the incorporation of conductive graphene, [27,[33][34][35][36] in which their structures tabilitya nd conductivity can be effectively enhanced. However,t he preparation meth-ods of graphene/Na 2 TP hybrid materials reported so far are fairly complicated and time consuming, which usually includes ultrasonication, spray drying, or heat treatment.…”