Incorporation of crystal violet, methylene blue and safranin O into a copolymer emulsion; the development of a novel antimicrobial paint

Beech, Sidney J.; Noimark, Sacha; Page, Kristopher; Noor, Nuruzzaman; Allan, Elaine; Parkin, Ivan P.

doi:10.1039/c5ra01673h

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Current research involves the use of photosensitiser dyes immobilised in polymers as part of an infection-control strategy in healthcare environments. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Cationic dyes such as methylene blue or crystal violet are proven antimicrobial agents against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Porphyrins and phthalocyanines are also used for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications, however, although they have been successfully incorporated into polymers, [20][21][22] the procedure is non-trivial as compared to swell-encapsulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of singlet oxygen production by photosensitiser dyes encapsulated in silicone: towards rational design of anti-microbial surfaces

Noimark

Salvadori

Gómez‐Bombarelli

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Surfaces with built-in antimicrobial activity have the potential to reduce hospital-acquired infections. One promising strategy is to create functionalised surfaces which, following illumination with visible light, are able to generate singlet oxygen under aerobic conditions. In contrast to antibiotics, the mechanism of bacterial kill by species derived from reactions with singlet oxygen is completely unselective, therefore offering little room for evolutionary adaptation. Here we consider five commercially available organic photosensitiser dyes encapsulated in silicone polymer that show varied antimicrobial activity. We correlate density functional theory calculations with UV-Vis spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and singlet oxygen production measurements in order to define and test the elements required for efficacious antimicrobial activity. Our approach forms the basis for the rational in silico design and spectroscopic screening of simple and efficient self-sterilising surfaces made from cheap, low toxicity photosensitiser dyes encapsulated in silicone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of singlet oxygen production by photosensitiser dyes encapsulated in silicone: towards rational design of anti-microbial surfaces

Noimark

Salvadori

Gómez‐Bombarelli

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…This study utilises an in situ impregnation and co-reduction process, based on controlled, solution-based dipping using well-mixed precursors and the variation of the NaBH 4(aq) reducing agent concentrations [61,62]. NaBH 4(aq) tends to be colour safe when used at a proper strength, and treatment on textiles can be so benign that many museums have utilised it in the cleaning and restoration of historical cellulosic textiles [63][64][65][66].…”

Section: Wet Chemical Experimental Impregnation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durable Antimicrobial Behaviour from Silver-Graphene Coated Medical Textile Composites

et al. 2019

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Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and AgNP/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite impregnated medical grade polyviscose textile pads were formed using a facile, surface-mediated wet chemical solution-dipping process, without further annealing. Surfaces were sequentially treated in situ with a sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reducing agent, prior to formation, deposition, and fixation of Ag nanostructures and/or rGO nanosheets throughout porous non-woven (i.e., randomly interwoven) fibrous scaffolds. There was no need for stabilising agent use. The surface morphology of the treated fabrics and the reaction mechanism were characterised by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), and scanning electron microscopic (SEM). XRD and EDS confirmed the presence of pure-phase metallic silver. Variation of reducing agent concentration allowed control over characteristic plasmon absorption of AgNP while SEM imaging, EDS, and DLS confirmed the presence of and dispersion of Ag particles, with smaller agglomerates existing with concurrent rGO use, which also coincided with enhanced AgNP loading. The composites demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against the clinically relevant gram-negative Escherichia coli (a key causative bacterial agent of healthcare-associated infections; HAIs). The best antibacterial rate achieved for treated substrates was 100% with only a slight decrease (to 90.1%) after 12 equivalent laundering cycles of standard washing. Investigation of silver ion release behaviours through inductively coupled plasmon optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and laundering durability tests showed that AgNP adhesion was aided by the presence of the rGO host matrix allowing for robust immobilisation of silver nanostructures with relatively high stability, which offered a rapid, convenient, scalable route to conformal NP–decorated and nanocomposite soft matter coatings.

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“…Moreover, innovations in engineering “self‐decontaminating” surfaces not only aim to prevent biological deterioration of products but also work toward killing microbes on contact with surfaces. Various antimicrobial agents have been used in the fabrication of “self‐decontaminating” surfaces for both medical device coatings and latex paint formulations . Antimicrobial ingredients such as silver nanoparticles; crystal violet; a combination of crystal violet, methylene blue, safranin O, and gold nanoparticles; and cationic quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) have been successfully integrated into latex paints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various antimicrobial agents have been used in the fabrication of "self-decontaminating" surfaces 5 for both medical device coatings and latex paint formulations. [6][7][8][9] Antimicrobial ingredients such as silver nanoparticles 6,7 ; crystal violet 9 ; a combination of crystal violet, methylene blue, safranin O, and gold nanoparticles 8 ; and cationic quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) 10 have been successfully integrated into latex paints. To assess their antimicrobial performance, researchers often follow the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) Z 2801 as a mainstream antimicrobial efficacy testing, utilizing laboratory test strains, mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which is a poor representation of the tremendous diversity of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of indoor surface finishes on bacterial viability

Maamar

Glawe

et al. 2019

Indoor Air

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Microbes in indoor environments are constantly being exposed to antimicrobial surface finishes. Many are rendered non‐viable after spending extended periods of time under low‐moisture, low‐nutrient surface conditions, regardless of whether those surfaces have been amended with antimicrobial chemicals. However, some microorganisms remain viable even after prolonged exposure to these hostile conditions. Work with specific model pathogens makes it difficult to draw general conclusions about how chemical and physical properties of surfaces affect microbes. Here, we explore the survival of a synthetic community of non‐model microorganisms isolated from built environments following exposure to three chemically and physically distinct surface finishes. Our findings demonstrated the differences in bacterial survival associated with three chemically and physically distinct materials. Alkaline clay surfaces select for an alkaliphilic bacterium, Kocuria rosea, whereas acidic mold‐resistant paint favors Bacillus timonensis, a Gram‐negative spore‐forming bacterium that also survives on antimicrobial surfaces after 24 hours of exposure. Additionally, antibiotic‐resistant Pantoea allii did not exhibit prolonged retention on antimicrobial surfaces. Our controlled microcosm experiment integrates measurement of indoor chemistry and microbiology to elucidate the complex biochemical interactions that influence the indoor microbiome.

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Incorporation of crystal violet, methylene blue and safranin O into a copolymer emulsion; the development of a novel antimicrobial paint

Abstract: Crystal violet, methylene blue and safranin O were successfully incorporated into a co-polymer emulsion to make a potent antimicrobial paint.

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Comparative study of singlet oxygen production by photosensitiser dyes encapsulated in silicone: towards rational design of anti-microbial surfaces

Comparative study of singlet oxygen production by photosensitiser dyes encapsulated in silicone: towards rational design of anti-microbial surfaces

Durable Antimicrobial Behaviour from Silver-Graphene Coated Medical Textile Composites

Impacts of indoor surface finishes on bacterial viability

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