Incorporation of Glycine max Merrill Extract into Layered Double Hydroxide through Ion-Exchange and Reconstruction

Abstract

We incorporated extract of Glycine max Merrill (GM), which is generally known as soybean, into a layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanostructure through two different methods, ion-exchange and reconstruction. Through X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and zeta-potential measurement, GM moiety seemed to be simply attached on the surface of LDH by ion-exchange process, while the extract could be incorporated in the inter-particle pore of LDHs by reconstruction reaction. The quantification exhibited that both incorporation method showed comparable extract loading capacity of 15.6 wt/wt% for GM-LDH hybrid prepared by ion-exchange (GML-I) and 18.6 wt/wt% for GM-LDH hybrid by reconstruction (GML-R). On the other hand, bioactive substance in both GM-LDH hybrids, revealed that GML-R has higher daidzein content (0.0286 wt/wt%) compared with GML-I (0.0108 wt/wt%). According to time-dependent daidzein release, we confirmed that GML-R showed pH dependent daidzein release; a higher amount of daidzein was released in pH 4.5 physiological condition than in pH 7.4, suggesting the drug delivery potential of GML-R. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen fiber formation on human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells displayed that GML-R had superior possibility of osteoblast differentiation than GML-I. From these results, we concluded that reconstruction method was more effective for extract incorporation than ion-exchange reaction, due to its pH dependent release property and alkaline phosphatase activity.

Immunomodulatory Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles Enable Neurogenesis by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor 2

“…LDH was prepared as described previously, with modifications . NT3 was loaded into LDH using ion exchange intercalation with modifications . The physicochemical characterizations were performed by transmission electron microscopy with a Cs-corrected transmission electron microscope (TEM) with monochromator (Titan G2 60-300, FEI), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), PCS, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and FTIR, as described previously .…”

Development of Mesopore Structure of Mixed Metal Oxide through Albumin-Templated Coprecipitation and Reconstruction of Layered Double Hydroxide

“…As displayed in Figure 3 a, AH-1 had irregularly shaped particles of which the size was less than 100 nm. Compared with the other three samples, AH-1 did not show clear grain boundaries, which might be attributed to the large lumps of organic moiety [ 53 , 58 , 59 ] like proteins. After calcination (AO-1), particle morphology of ruffled layers appeared along with the combustion of albumin-template ( Figure 3 b).…”

“…The action of albumin as template was investigated by comparative characterization before and after calcination. The LDO material was again utilized as a precursor for LDH through reconstruction route in which hydration and anion incorporation occurred simultaneously to recover original LDH phase [ 53 ]. The albumin template was again incorporated into LDH during reconstruction, and combusted by thermal treatment again.…”

Physicochemical Properties and Hematocompatibility of Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Anticancer Drug Methotrexate Delivery System

“…As indicated in the open circle curve in Figure 3 A, the average zeta potential of MTX-LDH at neutral pH was 4.61 ± 0.97 mV, showing almost neutral surface charge. Generally, the zeta potential of LDH at neutral pH is very positive, ~+30 mV [ 3 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ], due to the strong positive charge density of LDH layers. However, the zeta potential drops to the neutral value region due to the MTX moieties, which were mostly intercalated into LDH but partially covered the outer surface of LDH layers [ 44 ].…”