Incorporation of Recycled Polypropylene and Fly Ash in Polypropylene-Based Composites for Automotive Applications

Ajorloo, Mojtaba; Ghodrat, Maryam; Kang, Won‐Hee

doi:10.1007/s10924-020-01961-y

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This result opens the way to potential applications that are already cost-effective; indeed the lighter fraction of hard plastic, being mostly PE and PP, can be separated by simple flotation [11], thus making available a very large quantity of plastic waste. The mechanical properties of the more promising blends of PC and PI suggest potential uses in the automotive industry [44] or for bulky, simple hard plastic items such as baskets, boxes, bins or gardening supplies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hard Plastic Waste on the Quality of Recycled Polypropylene Blends

et al. 2021

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The recycling of plastic waste is undergoing fast growth due to environmental, health and economic issues, and several blends of post-consumer and post-industrial polymeric materials have been characterized in recent years. However, most of these researches have focused on plastic containers and packaging, neglecting hard plastic waste. This study provides the first experimental characterization of different blends of hard plastic waste and virgin polypropylene in terms of melt index, differential scan calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties (tensile, impact and Shore hardness) and Vicat softening test. Compared to blends based on packaging plastic waste, significant differences were observed in terms of melt flow index (about 10 points higher for hard plastic waste). Mechanical properties, in particular yield strain, were instead quite similar (between 5 and 9%), despite a higher standard deviation being observed, up to 10%, probably due to incomplete homogenization. Results demonstrate that these worse performances could be mainly attributed to the presence of different additives, as well as to the presence of impurities or traces of other polymers, other than incomplete homogenization. On the other hand, acceptable results were obtained for selected blends; the optimal blending ratio was identified as 78% post-consumer waste and 22% post-industrial waste, meeting the requirement for injection molding and thermoforming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Hard Plastic Waste on the Quality of Recycled Polypropylene Blends

et al. 2021

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“…The results indicate that the addition of low percentage (5.0 wt%) of sepiolite or zeolite improves tensile modulus of WPP-recycled materials by 5.4%. Ajorloo et al [8] incorporated of recycled PP and wasted fly ash in PP-based composites for automotive applications. The impact strength of the recycled composites increased by 23.3% under 30.0 wt% fly ash.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Polymer Composites Fabricated by Disposable Face Masks and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Crystalline Structure and Enhancement Effect

Xiang¹,

Zhou²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Influenced by recent COVID-19, wearing face masks to block the spread of the epidemic has become the simplest and most effective way. However, after the people wear masks, thousands of tons of medical waste by used disposable masks will be generated every day in the world, causing great pressure on the environment. Herein, conductive polymer composites are fabricated by simple melt blending of mask fragments (mask polypropylene, short for mPP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). MWNTs were used as modifiers for composites because of their high strength and high conductivity. The crystalline structure, mechanical, electrical and thermal enhancement effect of the composites were investigated. MWNTs with high thermal stability acted the role of promoting the crystallisation of mPP by expediting the crystalline nucleation, leading to the improvement of amount for crystalline nucleus. MWNTs fibers interpenetrate with each other in mPP matrix to form conducting network. With 2.0 wt% MWNTs loading, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity of the composites were increased by 809% and 7 orders of magnitude. MWNTs fibers interpenetrate with each other in mPP matrix to form conducting network. Thus, more conducting paths were constructed to transport carriers. The findings may open a way for high value utilization of the disposable masks.

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“…Researchers have searched for alternatives to glass fibers from both natural (e.g., wood flour, rice husks) (La Mantia and Morreale, 2006;Tong et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2018) and man-made sources (e.g., fly ash from coal production). Previous studies have explored the integration of fly ash into various polymers such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) (Rebeiz et al, 1995;Satapathy and Kothapalli, 2015;Yao et al, 2019;Bicer, 2020;Ajorloo et al, 2021). Many of the results have demonstrated promise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Composites Using Landfill Bound Materials

et al. 2022

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The demand for new methods of diverting materials from waste streams has grown as sustainability and landfill reduction goals continue to be set. Municipal solid waste combustion and waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities reduce landfill waste accumulation but ash material by-products are commonly sent to landfills. In this work, we evaluate the potential for fly ash to be used as an inert filler in post-consumer recycled polyethylene to maximize landfill diversion of high-volume materials. Using fly ash from solid waste combustion as a filler increases landfill diversion, reduces associated costs, and offsets the cost of the recycling for post-consumer plastics by blending with a low cost filler. Characterization of the fly ash revealed high variability in ash particle composition and size, which was expected due to the municipal solid waste source. A series of composites were compounded incorporating fly ash into recycled linear low-density polyethylene utilizing various compatibilizers. The composites were characterized for molecular interactions, thermal properties, mechanical properties and changes in melt processing via infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, electromechanical testing, and oscillatory melt rheology, respectively. Mechanical testing of the fly ash composites indicated that the fly ash did not significantly change the Young’s modulus or yield stress and the addition of various compatibilizer additives increased impact strength. The impact strength of the neat polymer decreased drastically from ∼55 kJ/m2 to ∼20 kJ/m2 at 5 wt. % fly ash. However, the addition of PGME compatibilizer at 0.75 wt. % increased the composite’s impact strength to roughly the same value as the neat polymer. Thus, the addition of a compatibilizer could be used to alter the fly ash filler composite’s resistance to flexural shock. These results indicate that fly ash can be added to recycled linear low-density polyethylene up to 10% while maintaining physical properties.

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Incorporation of Recycled Polypropylene and Fly Ash in Polypropylene-Based Composites for Automotive Applications

Cited by 39 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of Hard Plastic Waste on the Quality of Recycled Polypropylene Blends

Effect of Hard Plastic Waste on the Quality of Recycled Polypropylene Blends

Conductive Polymer Composites Fabricated by Disposable Face Masks and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Crystalline Structure and Enhancement Effect

Sustainable Composites Using Landfill Bound Materials

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