Incorporation of two‐dimensional nanomaterials into silk fibroin nanofibers for cardiac tissue engineering

Abstract

Mimicking the extracellular matrix to have a similar nanofibrous structure regarding electrical conductivity and mechanical properties would be highly beneficial for cardiac tissue engineering. The molybdenum disulfide, MoS 2 , and reduced graphene oxide, rGO, nanosheets are two-dimensional nanomaterials which can be considered as great candidates for enhancing the electrical and mechanical properties of biological scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering applications. In this study, MoS 2 and rGO nanosheets were synthesized and incorporated into silk fibroin nanofibers, SF, via electrospinning method. Then, the human iPSCs transfected with TBX-18 gene, TBX18-hiPSCs, were seeded on these scaffolds for in vitro studies. The MoS 2 and rGO nanosheets were studied by Raman spectroscopy. After incorporation of the nanosheets into SF nanofibers, the associated characterizations were carried out including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, water contact angle, and mechanical test. Furthermore, SF, SF/MoS 2 , and SF/rGO scaffolds were used for in vitro studies. Herein, the scaffolds exhibited acceptable biocompatibility and considerable attachment to TBX18-hiPSCs confirmed by 3-(4, 5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT, assay, and scanning electron microscopy. Also, the real-time PCR and immunostaining studies confirmed the maturity and upregulation of cardiac functional genes, including GATA-4, c-TnT, and α-MHC in the SF/MoS 2 and SF/rGO scaffolds compared with the bare SF one.Therefore, the reinforcement of these SF-based scaffolds with MoS 2 and rGO endues them as a suitable candidate for cardiac tissue engineering.

Effects of Electromagnets on Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells Treated with Dendrimer Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles

“…No significant toxicity of D-SPIONs on BCECs was noted up to 100 μg/mL for 24 h. The cell viability for the 100 μg/mL under 48 and 72 h of incubation was 68% and 65%, respectively. Because iron oxide nanoparticles are biocompatible and nontoxic, they display slight cytotoxicity against BCECs [ 28 , 34 ].…”

“…The gene-specific primers are listed in Table 2. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used to normalize the gene expression values, and melt curve analysis was conducted to assess the reaction specifications [27,28]. The 2 −∆∆Ct method was employed to analyze the data.…”

Synergic Effect of Novel WS2 Carriers Holding Spherical Cobalt Ferrite @cubic Fe3O4 (WS2/s-CoFe2O4@c-Fe3O4) Nanocomposites in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photothermal Therapy for Ocular Treatments and Investigation of Corneal Endothelial Cell Migration

“…Then the various concentrations of the WS 2 and nanocomposites (10,30,50,70, 100 µg/mL) were dispersed in the PBS and added to the cells. The MTT assay was done on BCECs incubated with the samples after 24, 48 and 72 h. Finally, the 10 µL of the MTT solution was added to each well and incubated under 5% CO 2 at 37 • C for 4 h. The cells were washed by PBS followed by adding the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in each plate and shake for 10 min.…”

“…In addition, the TMDC semiconductors have direct band gaps in the visible and infrared regimes with giant light matter coupling properties and thus become a suitable candidate for the optoelectronics and optics applications [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Among the TMDCs, tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) sheets warrant particular attention because of their non-toxicity, high thermal degradation and high resistance against oxidations [ 10 , 11 ]. The WS 2 sheets have high NIR absorption capability to use for photothermal treatments in cancer therapy [ 9 , 12 ].…”

Hybrid silk fibroin–gelatin nanofibrous sheet for drug delivery and regenerative medicine: In‐vitro characterization and controlled release of simvastatin/protein

“…Today, numerous reports have concentrated on composite scaffolds to combine different materials' biological properties and mechanical performance in one product 4‐6 . Among these applied biomaterials, silk fibroin (SF), and gelatin (G) are two protein‐based polymers considered potential materials in numerous biomedical applications 7‐10 . Lately, to improve G fibers' mechanical performance and manipulate the degradation rate of SF fibrous scaffolds, some researchers have blended the SF and G polymers to prepare a nanofibrous sheet as a drug delivery system.…”