Objectives
To evaluate incidence trends and timing of large-vessel (LV) manifestations in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA), and, to examine the influence of LV manifestations on survival.
Methods
A population-based incident cohort of patients diagnosed with GCA between 1950 and 2004 was used. LV involvement was defined as large artery stenosis or aortic aneurysm/dissection that developed in the 1 year prior to GCA diagnosis or any time thereafter. Patients were followed until death or December 31, 2009.
Results
The study included 204 patients, 80% women, mean age at diagnosis of GCA 76.0 years (± 8.2 years). Median length of follow-up was 8.8 years. The cumulative incidence of any LV manifestation at 10 years was 24.9% for patients diagnosed with GCA between 1980–2004 compared to 8.3% for patients diagnosed with GCA between 1950 and 1979. The incidence of any LV event was high within the first year of GCA diagnosis. The incidence of aortic aneurysm/dissection increased 5 years after GCA diagnosis.
Compared to the general population, survival was decreased in patients with an aortic aneurysm/dissection (p<0.001) but not in patients with large-artery stenosis (p=0.11). Patients with GCA and aortic manifestations had higher than expected number of deaths from cardiovascular and pulmonary causes compared to the general population. Among patients with GCA, aortic manifestations were associated with increased mortality (HR: 3.4; 95% CI: 2.2, 5.4).
Conclusions
Screening for aortic aneurysms should be considered in all patients with GCA with vigilance 5 years after incidence. Aortic aneurysm/dissection is associated with increased mortality in GCA.