2002
DOI: 10.1126/science.1072881
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Increase in the Asian Southwest Monsoon During the Past Four Centuries

Abstract: Climate reconstructions reveal unprecedented warming in the past century; however, little is known about trends in aspects such as the monsoon. We reconstructed the monsoon winds for the past 1000 years using fossil Globigerina bulloides abundance in box cores from the Arabian Sea and found that monsoon wind strength increased during the past four centuries as the Northern Hemisphere warmed. We infer that the observed link between Eurasian snow cover and the southwest monsoon persists on a centennial scale. Al… Show more

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Cited by 366 publications
(274 citation statements)
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“…The inferred moisture history for Pa Kho since AD 1450 (Figure 4c) compares well to the moderately intense summer monsoon reconstructed from Indian cave speleothems (Berkelhammer et al, 2010;Sinha et al, 2011aSinha et al, , 2011bSinha et al, , 2007 and Arabian Sea proxies (Anderson et al, 2010(Anderson et al, , 2002, but seems to diverge from the hydroclimatic scenario established for Wanxiang Cave (Zhang et al, 2008). A correspondence can also be found between the Pa Kho record and climate inferences for Dongdao Island and southwest Sulawesi, where higher precipitation has been reconstructed since AD 1400 (Figure 4d and f) (Tierney et al, 2010;Yan et al, 2011).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 53%
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“…The inferred moisture history for Pa Kho since AD 1450 (Figure 4c) compares well to the moderately intense summer monsoon reconstructed from Indian cave speleothems (Berkelhammer et al, 2010;Sinha et al, 2011aSinha et al, , 2011bSinha et al, , 2007 and Arabian Sea proxies (Anderson et al, 2010(Anderson et al, , 2002, but seems to diverge from the hydroclimatic scenario established for Wanxiang Cave (Zhang et al, 2008). A correspondence can also be found between the Pa Kho record and climate inferences for Dongdao Island and southwest Sulawesi, where higher precipitation has been reconstructed since AD 1400 (Figure 4d and f) (Tierney et al, 2010;Yan et al, 2011).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 53%
“…The offset of 60-140 years between the two data sets at the beginning and end of the weaker summer monsoon period, respectively, may stem from chronological uncertainties. Upwelling indicators (Globigerina bulloides) in sediments from the northwestern Arabian Sea also show a weakening of the summer monsoon starting around AD 450 (Anderson et al, 2010(Anderson et al, , 2002, and the composite speleothem δ 18 O records from Indian caves give evidence for decadal intervals of a distinctly weaker summer monsoon between AD 650-900 (Berkelhammer et al, 2010;Sinha et al, 2011aSinha et al, , 2007 (Figure 4b). These time intervals of a stronger/weaker Asian summer monsoon, however, differ from to the δD wax record from the Makassar Strait (Figure 4 a-c and f), which suggests a weaker Asian monsoon until around AD 450 and subsequently a stronger monsoon until about AD 1000 (Tierney et al, 2010) (Figure 4f).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…However, clear patterns of NAO forcing over the EM are missing from the few marine records from this region [Roberts et al, 2012;Taricco et al, 2009;Versteegh et al, 2007] and lake records from Turkey, Greece, and the Levant [Roberts et al, 2012]. Instead, the strong correlation (r 2 = 0.76, n = 75, p < 0.001) between our EM-SST composite record and the reconstruction of monsoon winds from Arabian Sea sediment cores [Anderson et al, 2002] (Figure 3b) suggests long-term forcing by monsoon circulation over the EM. The positive correlation between the index of the Indian Summer Monsoon and the instrumental SST obtained from the Levantine and Ionian basins was further demonstrated for instrumental records [Alpert et al, 2005;Raicich et al, 2003].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 90%
“…Another indirect cause alluded to the North Atlantic SST variation is the Eurasian continent snow cover anomalies [e.g., Hahn and Shukla, 1976;Barnett et al, 1989;Meehl, 1994;Anderson et al, 2002]. Hahn and Shukla [1976] examined the snow cover-monsoon intensity relationship, using satellite data, and found a negative relationship.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%