Increase in the calcium level following anodal polarization in the rat brain

Islam, Najmul; Aftabuddin, Md.; Moriwaki, Akiyoshi; Hattori, Yukio; Hori, Yasuo

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00434-r

Cited by 161 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In addition, it determines the increase in the opening of the voltage-sensitive ion channels and the facilitation of action potential induction (Ilmoniemi and Kicic, 2010). Moreover, long-lasting neuroplasticity effects might be linked to enduring transformations of synaptic strength, which are likely related to the intracellular calcium concentration changes (Hattori et al, 1990;Islam et al, 1995). On the other hand, the observed decrease in the cortical reactivity after the cathodal tDCS represents the results of a reduced neuronal recruitment, due to an increased activation threshold (Komssi et al, 2004;Quartarone et al, 2006).…”

Section: Tdcs-induced Changes In Cortical Excitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anodal tDCS -increasing the presynaptic discharge rate concurrently with the postsynaptic depolarization -could strengthen the synaptic connections, inducing an increased cortical evoked response with a probable concurrent involvement of the NMDA receptors (Islam et al, 1995;Nitsche et al, 2003a). Conversely, the reduction in presynaptic activity induced by the cathodal tDCS (combined with the postsynaptic hyperpolarization) could weaken the synaptic connections (Bindman et al, 1964a;Bindman et al, 1964b;Cheeran et al, 2008).…”

Section: Tdcs-induced Changes In Cortical Excitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excitability modulation of the motor system induced by transcranial direct current stimulation: A multimodal approach

2013

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Anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulations (tDCS) are both established techniques to induce cortical excitability changes. Typically, in the human motor system, such cortical modulations are inferred through changes in the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs). However, it is now possible to directly evaluate tDCS-induced changes at the cortical level by recording the transcranial magnetic stimulation evoked potentials (TEPs) using electroencephalography (EEG). The present study investigated the modulation induced by the tDCS on the motor system. The study evaluates changes in the MEPs, in the amplitude and distribution of the TEPs, in resting state oscillatory brain activity and in behavioral performance in a simple manual response task. Both the short-and long-term tDCS effects were investigated by evaluating their time course at~0 and 30 min after tDCS. Anodal tDCS over the left primary motor cortex (M1) induced an enhancement of corticospinal excitability, whereas cathodal stimulation produced a reduction. These changes in excitability were indexed by changes in MEP amplitude. More interestingly, tDCS modulated the cortical reactivity, which is the neuronal activity evoked by TMS, in a polarity-dependent and site-specific manner. Cortical reactivity increased after anodal stimulation over the left M1, whereas it decreased with cathodal stimulation. These effects were partially present also at long term evaluation. No polarity-specific effect was found either on behavioral measures or on oscillatory brain activity. The latter showed a general increase in the power density of low frequency oscillations (theta and alpha) at both stimulation polarities. Our results suggest that tDCS is able to modulate motor cortical reactivity in a polarity-specific manner, inducing a complex pattern of direct and indirect cortical activations or inhibitions of the motor system-related network, which might be related to changes in synaptic efficacy of the motor cortex.

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Section: Tdcs-induced Changes In Cortical Excitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tdcs-induced Changes In Cortical Excitabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitability modulation of the motor system induced by transcranial direct current stimulation: A multimodal approach

2013

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“…Although the effects of direct current stimulation directly influence the electrical properties of the membrane, alterations in the neuronal microenvironment may also justify the changes induced in its behavior [46][47][48][49][50] . In fact, migration and conformational change of proteins, alteration in tissue pH and incorporation of cholinergic receptors are some of the biological effects promoted by the application of exogenous continuous currents 25 .…”

Section: Neurophysiological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important phenomenon induced by the application of direct current is electrolysis, that can alter acidbase balance, generating alkalosis or acidosis, which markedly alters cellular function. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration have also been associated with direct current stimulation [46][47][48][49] . These results demonstrate that although tDCS promotes direct effects on the intrinsic electrical properties and parameters of neurotransmission, it also alters the cellular microenvironment and the molecules that compose it.…”

Section: Neurophysiological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological basis of a new electrode configuration to potentiate the tDCS: Protocols for upper limbs

Cavalcanti

Gomes²,

Baptista³

et al. 2017

Rev Pesq Fisio

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| Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)uses a direct electrical current to modulate the activity of cortical neurons. Anodal tDCS (positive pole) increases the excitability of cortical neurons, while cathodic tDCS (negative pole) reduces it. However, when applied in the peripheral nervous system the effects are the opposite of cranial application. Furthermore, when central and peripheral stimuli are used concomitantly, their effects can be summed up. This has been demonstrated by combining tDCS with other forms of sensory peripheral stimulation. We propose a new electrode configuration to potentiate the excitatory and inhibitory effects of tDCS on neuronal excitability and increase upper limb motor function. Our hypothesis is that placement of the electrodes in the primary motor cortex (M1) and the contralateral brachial plexus (BP) would promote this potentiation by central and peripheral synaptic summation. We will test our hypothesis in two proof-of-concept studies. Study 1) Secondary trial, in which we will evaluate the effects of these configurations on the neuronal excitability of healthy individuals; Study 2) A double-blind, randomized and crossover clinical trial in which we will test the stimulation with the anode in M1 and the cathode in the contralateral BP on the motor function and electrophysiological markers of individuals with cerebral palsy. The effects of the new configurations will be compared with the conventional configuration (M1/ contralateral supraorbital region). We expect that our investigations will identify a more efficient way to apply tDCS and consequently a better clinical use of this technique.

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“…In the motor system, anodal stimulation leads to facilitation of the cortico-spinal pathway and cathodal stimulation leads to inhibition. Attempts to understand the synaptic basis of these physiological effects have pointed to mechanisms similar to LTP and long-term depression (LTD) [5,25,26] mediated by intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) and calcium levels.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): Modulation of Executive Function in Health and Disease

Sarkis

Kaur

Camprodon

2014

Curr Behav Neurosci Rep

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive method of neuromodulation used in human basic and clinical neuroscience. In this article we review its use in the cognitive neurosciences to study executive function, and current preliminary explorations of its therapeutic value as a cognitive enhancer for patients with compromised dysexecutive symptoms. We discuss published studies analyzing their methodology and results. A number of experiments describe improvement in experimental measures of inhibitory control, working memory, and verbal fluency with anodal stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Positive findings are also described in different clinical populations. Despite the growing promise and interest in tDCS given its safety, simplicity, and low cost, findings are not always consistent across studies due to a host of variables we discuss (study design, stimulation parameters, neuroanatomy, genetics, etc.), highlighting the need for a better mechanistic understanding of the effects of tDCS.

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Increase in the calcium level following anodal polarization in the rat brain

Cited by 161 publications

References 22 publications

Excitability modulation of the motor system induced by transcranial direct current stimulation: A multimodal approach

Excitability modulation of the motor system induced by transcranial direct current stimulation: A multimodal approach

Neurophysiological basis of a new electrode configuration to potentiate the tDCS: Protocols for upper limbs

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): Modulation of Executive Function in Health and Disease

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