Increase of body mass index (BMI) from 1.5 to 3 years of age augments the degree of insulin resistance corresponding to BMI at 12 years of age

Abstract

To elucidate the effect of early growth patterns on the metabolic sensitivity to adiposity, we examined the relationship between the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and body mass index (BMI) levels at 12 years of age in 101 boys and 91 girls in a birth cohort. Children with an increase in BMI from the ages of 1.5 to 3 years exhibited a greater increase of HOMA-IR per BMI increase at 12 years of age compared to those with a decrease in BMI or stable BMI from 1.5 to 3 years. This suggests that children who show an increase in BMI from 1.5 to 3 years, a period normally characterized by a decreased or stable BMI, are more prone to developing insulin resistance at 12 years of age.

Immunosuppressive therapy for indeterminate acute hepatitis or pediatric acute liver failure

“…It remains unknown whether treatment with immunosuppressive therapy might alter the disease trajectory and should be studied in the context of a prospective randomized clinical trial. Case series and case reports describe improvement in hepatitis associated with aplastic anemia when treated with immunosuppressive therapy, [4][5][6] and all of the children in our study recovered with their native liver. In our experience, this milder form of liver injury also may resolve without any intervention.…”

Nursery school as an environmental factor for body mass index

“…2 We have investigated risk factors for obesity in a birth cohort in the suburbs of the city. [3][4][5] In 455 toddlers, an increase in BMI from 1.5 to 3 years of age, which is referred to as early adiposity rebound, 3 was higher in children who did not attend a nursery school compared with children who attended a nursery school for ³30 hours per week (c 2 test, P < .05) (unpublished data).…”

Body mass index increase before 3 years‐of‐age augments the degree of insulin resistance corresponding to body mass index in adolescent girls

“…This means that girls with an increase of BMI from 1.5 to 3 years showed a greater increase of HOMA‐IR per BMI increase at 12 years old, compared to those with a decrease of BMI from 1.5 to 3 years4.…”

“…An association between BMI increase in early childhood (adiposity rebound) and future cardiometabolic risk is of increasing interest, as identifying growth patterns harmful to cardiometabolic health might provide opportunities for early interventions2, 3. Therefore, to examine the effect of early growth patterns on IR corresponding to adiposity, we examined the relationship between the HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA‐R) and BMI in children aged 12 years in groups based on an increase or decrease in BMI from age 1.5–3 years (101 boys and 91 girls in a birth cohort)4. Routine health checks of children are carried out at 1.5 and 3 years by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan, and data from these health checks were used to evaluate growth.…”