Increase of Rat Alcohol Drinking Behavior Depends on the Age of Drinking Onset

Yoshimoto, Kanji; Hori, Masafumi; Sorimachi, Yoshihide; Watanabe, Tetsushi; Yano, Tadashi; Yasuhara, Masahiro

doi:10.1097/00000374-200208001-00013

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Ethanol intake (g/kg) over the fourteen sessions was consistently higher for adolescent animals when compared to adults. These data are in accordance to earlier findings showing that adolescent rats consumed more alcohol during 24-hour access sessions Doremus et al, 2005;Lancaster et al, 1996;Yoshimoto et al, 2002). However, others have found that increased intake is only observed when female adolescents are compared to adults and not between male adults and adolescents (Siciliano and Smith, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dissociable effects of ethanol consumption during the light and dark phase in adolescent and adult Wistar rats

Walker¹,

Walker²,

Ehlers³

2008

Alcohol

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In adolescence, high levels of drinking over short episodes (binge drinking) is commonly seen in a proportion of the population. Since adolescence is an important neurodevelopmental period, the effects of binge drinking on brain and behavior has become a significant health concern. However, robust animal models of binge drinking in rats are still being developed and therefore further efforts are needed to optimize paradigms for inducing maximal self-administration of alcohol. In the present experiment, one-hour limited-access self-administration sessions were instituted to model excessive drinking behavior in adolescent and adult Wistar rats. In addition to age, the involvement of sex and phase within the light/dark cycle (i.e., drinking in the light or dark) on sweetened 5% ethanol intake were also evaluated over fourteen limited-access sessions using a between-groups design. The results of the experiment showed that over fourteen limited-access sessions, sweetened ethanol intake (g/ kg) was significantly higher for adolescents compared to adults. Females were also found to drink more sweetened ethanol as compared to males. Additionally, drinking in the light produced a robust increase in sweetened ethanol intake (g/kg) in adolescents, as compared to adults during the light phase and as compared to both adolescent and adult rats drinking in the dark. Furthermore, the increase in ethanol consumption observed in adolescents drinking during the light phase was dissociable from sweetened solution intake patterns. These results identify that age, sex, and time of day all significantly influence consumption of sweetened ethanol in Wistar rats. Knowledge of these parameters should be useful for future experiments attempting to evaluate the effects of selfadministered ethanol exposure in adult and adolescent rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dissociable effects of ethanol consumption during the light and dark phase in adolescent and adult Wistar rats

Walker¹,

Walker²,

Ehlers³

2008

Alcohol

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“…This suggests that attempts to delay onset of use may not influence later addiction. However, in rats which, in contrast to humans, age at onset can be experimentally manipulated, an association has been reported between early exposure to alcohol and subsequent greater daily intake [73], suggesting that the harmful effects of substance exposure may be greater in younger animals. Greater insight into these mechanisms is needed in humans.…”

Section: Age At Onsetmentioning

confidence: 97%

Combining research approaches to advance our understanding of drug addiction

Bree

Bernadette²

2005

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Drug addiction is a complex behavior, likely to be influenced by various genes, environmental factors, and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. Various aspects of addiction are studied by different disciplines. Animal studies are increasing insight into brain regions and genes associated with addiction. Epidemiologic studies are establishing the factors increasing risk for initiation and continuation of substance use. Twin and adoption studies are increasing our understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in substance use, including comorbidity and gene environment interaction. Finally, molecular genetic studies in humans are starting to yield some converging findings. It is argued and illustrated with examples that greater awareness of progress in other disciplines can speed up our understanding of the complex processes involved in addiction. This should help our ability to identify who is at increased risk of becoming addicted and the development of prevention and intervention strategies targeted at an individual's specific needs.

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“…Results from rodent studies suggest that age‐related biological factors may be involved in the propensity toward alcohol consumption. One possible mechanism is an age‐related decrease in alcohol‐induced release of dopamine and serotonin in specific areas of the brain associated with reward, such as the nucleus accumbens 63. Yet another possibility is that alcohol may have a greater stimulatory effect on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis in younger animals compared to older animals, resulting in increased circulating levels of glucocorticoids, which are known to potentiate alcohol reward and reinforcement 64,65.…”

Section: Potential Etiological Mechanisms: Genetic and Environmental mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Adolescent Nonhuman Primates to Model Human Alcohol Intake: Neurobiological, Genetic, and Psychological Variables

Barr

Schwandt

Newman

et al. 2004

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Traits characteristic of type I and type II alcoholism are thought to relate to dysregulated central nervous system serotonin functioning. In this review, we discuss variables associated with high adolescent alcohol consumption and other risk-taking behaviors in a nonhuman primate model. Adolescent primates with low CSF concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA are more impulsive and exhibit increased levels of alcohol consumption. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to alcohol-seeking behavior in adolescent macaques. Sequence variation within serotonin system genes, for example, a repeat polymorphism in the transcriptional control region of the monoamine oxidase gene (MAOA-LPR), increases the propensity for adolescent males to consume alcohol. Environmental factors, such as early life stress in the form of peer-rearing or early age of exposure to alcohol, are also associated with increased alcohol consumption. Peer-reared females, especially those exposed to alcohol during early adolescence, exhibit increased rates of alcohol consumption compared to those exposed to alcohol later in development. When genetic variables are also considered, there is an interaction between the low activity serotonin transporter gene promoter s allele (rh5-HTTLPR) and rearing condition on alcohol preference in females but not males, suggesting that the interactions between genes and the environment may be sexually dichotomous. By learning more about the interactions between genes, early experience, and alcohol intake in the adolescent nonhuman primate, we may be able to identify factors that contribute to the susceptibility, pathogenesis, and progression of impulse control disorders, such as alcoholism.

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Increase of Rat Alcohol Drinking Behavior Depends on the Age of Drinking Onset

Abstract: Alcohol drinking behavior in experimental animals depends on the age of alcohol drinking onset.

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Dissociable effects of ethanol consumption during the light and dark phase in adolescent and adult Wistar rats

Dissociable effects of ethanol consumption during the light and dark phase in adolescent and adult Wistar rats

Combining research approaches to advance our understanding of drug addiction

The Use of Adolescent Nonhuman Primates to Model Human Alcohol Intake: Neurobiological, Genetic, and Psychological Variables

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