Increased bladder cancer risk among workers exposed to<i>o</i>-toluidine and aniline: a reanalysis

Carreón, Tania; Hein, Misty J.; Viet, Susan Marie; Hanley, Kevin W.; Ruder, Avima M.; Ward, Elizabeth

doi:10.1136/oem.2009.051136

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The results of our study corroborate earlier findings in this and other cohorts 2 3 19 20. Compared to the overall bladder cancer incidence estimate reported in the earlier study (SIR=3.64, 95% CI 1.94 to 6.23),2 the estimate reported in this study (SIR=2.87, 95% CI 2.02 to 3.96) is lower, but more precise.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…o -Toluidine was classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as ‘carcinogenic to humans’ (Group 1),1 based largely on a retrospective cohort study conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) among 1749 workers in a New York State rubber chemical manufacturing plant 2. That study, and our subsequent reanalysis using updated exposure categories,3 showed excess bladder cancer incidence in the cohort from 1973 through 1988 compared to the New York State (excluding New York City) population (13 cases, SIR=3.64; 95% CI=1.94 to 6.23). Workers considered definitively exposed to o -toluidine, aniline and a proprietary chemical later identified as nitrobenzene, had a nearly sixfold excess of bladder cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bladder cancer incidence among workers exposed too-toluidine, aniline and nitrobenzene at a rubber chemical manufacturing plant

et al. 2013

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Background An earlier investigation found increased bladder cancer incidence among workers at a rubber chemical manufacturing plant that used o-toluidine, aniline and nitrobenzene. The cohort was expanded to include additional workers (n=1875) and updated through 2007 to assess bladder cancer with improved exposure characterisation. Methods Work histories were updated and exposure categories and ranks were developed for o-toluidine, aniline and nitrobenzene combined. Incident cancers were identified by linkage to six state cancer registries. Residency in time-dependent cancer registry catchment areas was determined. SIR and standardised rate ratios for bladder cancer were calculated by exposure category and cumulative rank quartiles for different lag periods. Cox regression was used to model bladder cancer incidence with estimated cumulative rank, adjusting for confounders. Indirect methods were used to control for smoking. Results Excess bladder cancer was observed compared to the New York State population (SIR=2.87, 95% CI 2.02 to 3.96), with higher elevations among workers definitely exposed (moderate/high) (SIR=3.90, 95% CI 2.57 to 5.68), and in the highest cumulative rank quartile (SIR=6.13, 95% CI 2.80 to 11.6, 10-year lag). Bladder cancer rates increased significantly with estimated cumulative rank (10-year lag). Smoking only accounted for an estimated 8% elevation in bladder cancer incidence. Conclusions Bladder cancer incidence remains elevated in this cohort and significantly associated with estimated cumulative exposure. Results are consistent with earlier findings in this and other cohorts. Despite other concurrent chemical exposures, we consider o-toluidine most likely responsible for the bladder cancer incidence elevation and recommend a re-examination of occupational exposure limits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder cancer incidence among workers exposed too-toluidine, aniline and nitrobenzene at a rubber chemical manufacturing plant

et al. 2013

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“…These compounds are found in dyes, chemical compounds, rubber, hair coloring dyes, cigarette smoke, plastics, vehicle smoke, paint products, and fungicides (Letašiová et al, 2012 different industries such as rubber and leather producers, weavers, colored product workers, and printing companies (Carreón et al, 2010;Pira et al, 2010). Recently, due to increased awareness by individuals about safety principles, the extent and pattern of exposure to occupational hazards have improved (Kogevinas M, 2014).…”

Section: -1 Aromatic Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essentials of bladder cancer worldwide: incidence, mortality rate and risk factors

et al. 2017

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Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world. An increase in the incidence and recurrence of BC has led to massive pressure on health care systems. Studies have shown that the geographical and ethical distributions of BC are variable in different parts of the world. However, most studies have focused more on clinical challenges and treatment strategies in BC management. Due to the limited number of studies conducted on the incidence rate, mortality and risk factors of BC worldwide, it is necessary to carry out studies in these areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the global incidence rate, mortality rate and risk factors for BC.

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“…There is little information about p-toluidine and genotoxic effects, as well as cancer risk. Most observations for toluidines concern exposure to o-toluidine, which recently has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (51) and is classified as probable carcinogen (28). CS 2 exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress (52,53), and, at least at higher exposures, with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, health effects that also may be mediated by telomere shortening (54,55).…”

Section: Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

N–nitrosamines are associated with shorter telomere length

Li¹,

Jönsson²,

Lindh³

et al. 2011

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Increased bladder cancer risk among workers exposed too-toluidine and aniline: a reanalysis

Abstract: These findings are comparable to the results reported earlier by NIOSH, and confirm that workers in this plant have an increased risk of bladder cancer.

Cited by 43 publications

References 8 publications

Bladder cancer incidence among workers exposed too-toluidine, aniline and nitrobenzene at a rubber chemical manufacturing plant

Bladder cancer incidence among workers exposed too-toluidine, aniline and nitrobenzene at a rubber chemical manufacturing plant

Essentials of bladder cancer worldwide: incidence, mortality rate and risk factors

N–nitrosamines are associated with shorter telomere length

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