Increased Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Long-Term Field Experiment via Application of Organic Amendments to a Semiarid Degraded Soil

Abstract

In this study, we tested whether communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associated with roots of plant species forming vegetative cover as well as some soil parameters (amounts of phosphatase and glomalinrelated soil protein, microbial biomass C and N concentrations, amount of P available, and aggregate stability) were affected by different amounts (control, 6.5 kg m ؊2 , 13.0 kg m ؊2 , 19.5 kg m ؊2 , and 26.0 kg m ؊2 ) of an urban refuse (UR) 19 years after its application to a highly eroded, semiarid soil. The AM fungal small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes were subjected to PCR, cloning, single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. One hundred sixteen SSU rRNA sequences were analyzed, and nine AM fungal types belonging to Glomus groups A and B were identified: three of them were present in all the plots that had received UR, and six appeared to be specific to certain amendment doses. The community of AM fungi was more diverse after the application of the different amounts of UR. The values of all the soil parameters analyzed increased proportionally with the dose of amendment applied. In conclusion, the application of organic wastes enhanced soil microbial activities and aggregation, and the AM fungal diversity increased, particularly when a moderate dose of UR (13.0 kg m ؊2 ) was applied.

Association of Shifting Populations in the Root Zone Microbiome of Millet with Enhanced Crop Productivity in the Sahel Region (Africa)

“…A pattern of both increased soil organic C and microbial diversity in plots treated with residue was observed at both field sites. Soil organic matter has been shown to have an impact on arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity in other semiarid soils (22) and on bacterial communities in polar desert soil (23). There was no detected response by the Glomeromycota in this study, but there were large increases in fungal diversity with intercropping and residue amendment.…”

“…There was no detected response by the Glomeromycota in this study, but there were large increases in fungal diversity with intercropping and residue amendment. The primer set used for the ITS1 amplification and sequencing may be biased against the Glomeromycota, which would explain why we did not see a response in this group compared to other researchers (22). Van Horn et al (23) also demonstrated that in low-to medium-saline soils, the addition of organic matter consistently shifted the bacterial community composition to a higher degree than increasing soil moisture through water addition.…”

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure and diversity in response to long-term fertilization: a field case from China

“…AM fungal development and diversity are often decreased by long-term fertilization with easily soluble mineral fertilizers or fertilizer combinations, such as P (Martensson and Carlgren 1994), N (Bradley et al 2006), NP (Na Bhadalung et al 2005), and NPK (Gryndler et al 2006;Joner 2000). However, long-term fertilization with manures often showed positive effects on AMF (del Mar Alguacil et al 2009;Gryndler et al 2006). AM fungal parameters such as colonization, spore abundance and species diversity, were significantly higher in the organic than in the conventional systems Mäder et al 2000;Oehl et al 2003Oehl et al , 2004.…”

“…However, AMF may not always play a vital role in the nutrition and growth of plants in many agricultural systems, especially in high-input agriculture (Ryan and Graham 2002). Numerous reports have shown the negative or positive influences of fertilizers on AMF biodiversity, including readily soluble P and N, organic manure, and slow release mineral fertilizers (Douds and Millner 1999;Gosling et al 2006;del Mar Alguacil et al 2009). In most cases, readily soluble fertilizers have negative impacts on AM fungal diversity but organic manure and slow release fertilizers do not suppress AMF and may even stimulate them (Gosling et al 2006).…”

Respons Tanaman Karet Belum Menghasilkan terhadap Pemupukan Organik dan Anorganik di Tanah Latosol Sukabumi

“…Namun, kondisi tanah tempat penelitian memiliki kadar bahan organik yang rendah, pH masam, serta kadar unsur hara N, P 2 O 5 , K, Ca, Mg, dan Na yang rendah (Tabel 1) sehingga termasuk ke dalam ketagori tanah terdegradasi, sesuai dengan kriteria yang dikemukakan oleh Firmansyah, Sudarsono, Pawtan, Djuniwati, & Djajakirana (2008), Sitorus, Susanto, & Haridjaja (2011), Marchetti, Piccini, Francaviglia, & Mabit (2012, serta Senjobi, Ande, & Ogunkunle (2013). Solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi tanah demikian di antaranya adalah dengan penambahan bahan organik (Alguacil, Díaz-Pereira, Caravaca, Fernández, & Roldán, 2009;Diacono & Montemurro, 2010;Larney & Angers, 2012).…”