Increased expression of Protein S in eyes with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema

Sugimoto, Masahiko; Kondo, Mineo; Yasuma, Taro; D’Alessandro-Gabazza, Corina N.; Toda, Masaaki; Imai, Hisanori; Nakamura, Makoto; Gabazza, Esteban C.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89870-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, Carnes et al 2018, report elevated Gas6 mRNA expression in human ciliary bodies, compared to human trabecular meshwork and corneal tissue, suggesting that this important VKDP ligand, may be exported into the aqueous humor, in part to support lens physiology [123]. PS has been found free in aqueous humor in the 7-8 ng/ml range and varies in disease states such as diabetes [124], indicating an additional potential role for VK in homeostatic mechanisms related to diabetic cataracts.…”

Section: Cataractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin K and the Visual System: A Narrative Review

Mong¹

2023

Preprint

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Vitamin K occupies a unique and often obscured place among its fellow fat-soluble vitamins. Evidence is mounting however, that vitamin K (VK) may play an important role in the visual system apart from the hepatic carboxylation of hemostatic related proteins. However, to our knowledge, no review covering the topic has appeared in the medical literature. Recent studies have confirmed that matrix Gla protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein (VKDP), is essential for the regulation of intraocular pressure in the mouse. The PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study, a randomized trial involving 5860 adults at risk for cardiovascular disease, demonstrated a 29% reduction in the risk of cataract surgery in participants with the highest tertile of dietary vitamin K1 (PK) intake compared with the lowest tertile. However, the specific requirements of the eye and visual system (EVS) for VK, and what might constitute an optimized VK status, is currently unknown and largely unexplored. It is the intention therefore of this narrative review to provide an introduction concerning VK and the visual system, review ocular VK biology, and to provide some historical context to recent discoveries. Potential opportunities and gaps in current research efforts will be touched upon, in the hope of raising awareness, and encouraging continued VK related investigations in this important and highly specialized sensory system.

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Section: Cataractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin K and the Visual System: A Narrative Review

Mong¹

2023

Preprint

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Circadian Regulation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Function

Baba

Goyal

Tosini

2022

IJMS

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The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single layer of cells located between the choriocapillaris vessels and the light-sensitive photoreceptors in the outer retina. The RPE performs physiological processes necessary for the maintenance and support of photoreceptors and visual function. Among the many functions performed by the RPE, the timing of the peak in phagocytic activity by the RPE of the photoreceptor outer segments that occurs 1–2 h. after the onset of light has captured the interest of many investigators and has thus been intensively studied. Several studies have shown that this burst in phagocytic activity by the RPE is under circadian control and is present in nocturnal and diurnal species and rod and cone photoreceptors. Previous investigations have demonstrated that a functional circadian clock exists within multiple retinal cell types and RPE cells. However, the anatomical location of the circadian controlling this activity is not clear. Experimental evidence indicates that the circadian clock, melatonin, dopamine, and integrin signaling play a key role in controlling this rhythm. A series of very recent studies report that the circadian clock in the RPE controls the daily peak in phagocytic activity. However, the loss of the burst in phagocytic activity after light onset does not result in photoreceptor or RPE deterioration during aging. In the current review, we summarized the current knowledge on the mechanism controlling this phenomenon and the physiological role of this peak.

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Vitamin K and the Visual System—A Narrative Review

Mong

2023

Nutrients

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Vitamin K occupies a unique and often obscured place among its fellow fat-soluble vitamins. Evidence is mounting, however, that vitamin K (VK) may play an important role in the visual system apart from the hepatic carboxylation of hemostatic-related proteins. However, to our knowledge, no review covering the topic has appeared in the medical literature. Recent studies have confirmed that matrix Gla protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein (VKDP), is essential for the regulation of intraocular pressure in mice. The PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study, a randomized trial involving 5860 adults at risk for cardiovascular disease, demonstrated a 29% reduction in the risk of cataract surgery in participants with the highest tertile of dietary vitamin K1 (PK) intake compared with those with the lowest tertile. However, the specific requirements of the eye and visual system (EVS) for VK, and what might constitute an optimized VK status, is currently unknown and largely unexplored. It is, therefore, the intention of this narrative review to provide an introduction concerning VK and the visual system, review ocular VK biology, and provide some historical context for recent discoveries. Potential opportunities and gaps in current research efforts will be touched upon in the hope of raising awareness and encouraging continued VK-related investigations in this important and highly specialized sensory system.

show abstract

Increased expression of Protein S in eyes with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Vitamin K and the Visual System: A Narrative Review

Vitamin K and the Visual System: A Narrative Review

Circadian Regulation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Function

Vitamin K and the Visual System—A Narrative Review

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