Increased incidence of renal cell tumors in a cohort of cardboard workers exposed to trichloroethene

Abstract

A retrospective cohort study was carried out in a cardboard factory in Germany to investigate the association between exposure to trichloroethene (TRI) and renal cell cancer. The study group consisted of 169 men who had been exposed to TRI for at least 1 year between 1956 and 1975. The average observation period was 34 years. By the closing day of the study (December 31, 1992) 50 members of the cohort had died, 16 from malignant neoplasms. In 2 out of these 16 cases, kidney cancer was the cause of death, which leads to a standard mortality ratio of 3.28 compared with the local population. Five workers had been diagnosed with kidney cancer: four with renal cell cancers and one with a urothelial cancer of the renal pelvis. The standardized incidence ratio compared with the data of the Danish cancer registry was 7.97 (95% CI: 2.59-18.59). After the end of the observation period, two additional kidney tumors (one renal cell and one urothelial cancer) were diagnosed in the study group. The control group consisted of 190 unexposed workers in the same plant. By the closing day of the study 52 members of this cohort had died, 16 from malignant neoplasms, but none from kidney cancer. No case of kidney cancer was diagnosed in the control group. The direct comparison of the incidence on renal cell cancer shows a statistically significant increased risk in the cohort of exposed workers. Hence, in all types of analysis the incidence of kidney cancer is statistically elevated among workers exposed to TRI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Target Organ Metabolism, Toxicity, and Mechanisms of Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene: Key Similarities, Differences, and Data Gaps

“…Exposure settings include occupational exposures in the aerospace and screw-cutting industries and exposure to the general population occurs through contaminated air, water, and soil. An increased risk of kidney cancer was reported in all of the studies in which there was a moderate to very high level of estimated TCE exposure (Henschler et al, 1995;Morgan et al, 1998;Vamvakas et al, 1998;Brüning et al, 2003;Raaschou-Nielsen et al, 2003;Zhao et al, 2005;Boice et al, 2006;Charbotel et al, 2006;Radican et al, 2008;Moore et al, 2010;Hansen et al, 2013), with most risk estimates being statistically significant. Additionally, positive exposureresponse relationships were reported in several case-control (Charbotel et al, 2006;Moore et al, 2010) and cohort studies (Zhao et al, 2005;Raaschou-Nielsen et al, 2003) using different exposure metrics.…”

“…Confounding by other lifestyle factors or occupational coexposures (e.g., mineral oils) can also be ruled out because adjustment for these variables had little impact on the risk estimates and they are not known or suspected renal carcinogens. Selection bias could not be ruled out in two of the studies reporting the highest risk estimates (Henschler et al, 1995, Vamvakas et al, 1998; however, these studies do not affect the overall conclusion as they were not included in the meta-analyses.…”

Böbrek Hücreli Karsinomda Risk Faktörleri ve Etyoloji

“…Daha sonra yapılan bir meta-analizde asbestin BHK gelişimindeki rolünün daha az önemli olabileceğini (42), bir başka meta-analizde de anlamlı ilişki bulunmadığı belirtilmiştir (43) Trichloroethylene (TCE) endüstriyel bir çözelti olup metal üzerindeki yağların temizlenmesinde kullanılır. Endüstride yaygın maruziyet söz konusu olup bu kişilerde böbrek kanseri sıklığının 8 kat arttığı bildirilmiştir (44). Başka çalışmalarda bu bilgi desteklenmekle beraber riskin daha düşük olabileceği belirtilmektedir, ayrıca etkinin doza bağımlı olduğu ve yüksek dozda maruziyet ile BHK gelişme riskinin 2 kat arttığı Ümit Gül Böbrek Hücreli Karsinomda Risk Faktörleri ve Etyoloji vurgulanmaktadır (45).…”

Human variability and susceptibility to trichloroethylene.

“…The evidence is increasing for an association between human kidney cancer and TCE exposure; newer studies consistently report elevated risk of cancer for this site (31)(32)(33)(34)(35). Additionally, nephrotoxicity and kidney dysfunction following TCE exposure have been reported (36,37).…”