Increased interleukin-6 and TP53 levels in rotator cuff tendon repair patients with hypercholesterolemia

Abstract

Background: A previous study reported that hyperlipidemia increases the incidence of tears in the rotator cuff tendon and affects healing after repair. The aim of our study was to compare the gene and protein expression of torn rotator cuff tendons in patients both with and without hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Thirty patients who provided rotator cuff tendon samples were classified into either a non-hypercholesterolemia group (n=19, serum total cholesterol [TC] <200 mg/dL) and hypercholesterolemia group (n=11, serum TC ≥240 mg/dL) based on their concentrations of serum TC. The expression of various genes of interest, including COL1A1, IGF1, IL-6, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP13, TNMD, and TP53, was analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, western blot analysis was performed on the proteins encoded by interleukin (IL)-6 and TP53 that showed significantly different expression levels in real-time qRT-PCR. Results: Except for IGF1, the gene expression levels of IL-6, MMP2, MMP9, and TP53 were significantly higher in the hypercholesterolemic group than in the non-hypercholesterolemia group. Western blot analysis confirmed significantly higher protein levels of IL-6 and TP53 in the hypercholesterolemic group (p<0.05).Conclusions: We observed an increase in inflammatory cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in hypercholesterolemic patients with rotator cuff tears. Increased levels of IL-6 and TP53 were observed at both the mRNA and protein levels. We suggest that the overexpression of IL-6 and TP53 may be a specific feature in rotator cuff disease patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Influence of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Expression of Genes and Proteins in Patients With Medium Rotator Cuff Tears

“…5,21 These pathways could explain how vitamin D deficiency causes increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the supraspinatus muscle other than through the vitamin D/ VDR axis. The proinflammatory cytokines, which are normally induced in rotator cuff tear conditions, 31,44 seem to be more strongly expressed in patients with vitamin D deficiency through non-VDR pathways. The increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with rotator cuff tears can cause pain and increase the risk of postoperative complications, such as shoulder stiffness and retears.…”

Metformin increases the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibits supraspinatus fatty infiltration

“…The fur on the shoulder was moderately shaved to expose the skin and sterilized to maintain sterility. An RC tear procedure was then performed [ 1 ]. Briefly, the scapula was palpated, and a 3-cm long incision was made.…”

“…The SS was harvested from five specimens of each group, after which the muscular portion was meticulously dissected. Each sample was frozen at − 80 °C and cut to frozen tissue sections at a thickness of 8 mm for Oil Red O staining (MAK194, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and counterstaining with hematoxylin [ 1 , 26 , 27 ]. Oil Red O staining is used for the histologic visualization of fat cells and neutral fat.…”

“…Analyses were performed by two investigators who were blinded to the animal groups. Each tissue slide was imaged under a microscope (Leica DM IL LED; Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) using LAS V4.8 (Leica Microsystems) imaging system [ 1 ]. To quantify changes in muscle fiber area, H&E images were analyzed using ImageJ software (Public domain JAVA image processing program, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA).…”

“…RC tear is one of the most common shoulder disorders in humans and incurs enormous medical costs to patients, severe pain in the shoulder joint, muscle weakness, and limited mobility [ 1 ]. Despite successful surgical intervention, RC tears do not heal spontaneously, and poor surgical prognosis and high re-tear rates remain a problem [ 2 – 5 ].…”