Increased levels of human placental growth hormone in the amniotic fluid of pregnancies affected by Down syndrome

Sifakis, Stavros; Papadopoulou, Eleftheria; Konstantinidou, Anastasia; Fragouli, Yvoni; Karkavitsas, Nikolaos; Koumantakis, E.; Kalmanti, Maria

doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2008.08.002

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Higher PGH levels in amniotic fluid were reported in fetuses with Down syndrome compared with healthy pregnancies during the second trimester (71). PGH was detected in all amniotic fluid samples, indicating that it could possibly enter the fetal compartment; until then it was proposed that PGH was present only in maternal circulation (71).…”

Section: Pgh In Pathological Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human placental growth hormone in normal and abnormal fetal growth

2017

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Human placental growth hormone (PGH), encoded by the growth hormone (GH) variant gene on chromosome 17, is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblast layers of the human placenta. Its maternal serum levels increase throughout pregnancy, and gradually replaces the pulsatile secreted pituitary GH. PGH is also detectable in cord blood and in the amniotic fluid. This placental-origin hormone stimulates glyconeogenesis, lipolysis and anabolism in maternal organs, and influences fetal growth, placental development and maternal adaptation to pregnancy. The majority of these actions are performed indirectly by regulating maternal insulin-like growth factor-I levels, while the extravillous trophoblast involvement indicates a direct effect on placental development, as it stimulates trophoblast invasiveness and function via a potential combination of autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. The current review focuses on the role of PGH in fetal growth. In addition, the association of PGH alterations in maternal circulation and placental expression in pregnancy complications associated with abnormal fetal growth is briefly reviewed.

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Section: Pgh In Pathological Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human placental growth hormone in normal and abnormal fetal growth

2017

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“…hPGH is the product of the GH-V gene [7] specifically expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the human placenta [8] and gradually replaces pituitary GH in the maternal circulation. hPGH is also detectable in the fetal compartment according to recent studies in cord blood and amniotic fluid [9][10][11]. hPGH has important implications for physiological adjustment to gestation by increasing nutrient availability for the fetoplacental unit [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Decreased placental expression of hPGH, IGF-I and IGFBP-1 in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction

Koutsaki

Sifakis

Zaravinos

et al. 2011

Growth Hormone & IGF Research

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“…On the other hand, when comparing our results to the results of other researchers, the PGH concentrations in umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid obtained by us are over three times higher. Sifakis et al [10] observed high PGH concentrations in amniotic fluid in Down's syndrome pregnancies.…”

Section: Prace Oryginalnementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In their detailed review, Fuglsang and Ovesen [2] show that PGH seems to be only a maternal phenomenon. There are some publications describing the presence of this protein both in umbilical cord blood serum and amniotic fluid [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%