Increased nocturnal fat oxidation in young healthy men with low birth weight: Results from 24-h whole-body respiratory chamber measurements

Brøns, Charlotte; Lilleøre, Søren Kruse; Jensen, Christine B.; Toubro, Søren; Vaag, Allan; Astrup, Arne

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2012.12.002

Cited by 11 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In strong support of the 'thrifty phenotype' hypothesis as proposed by Hales and Baker (10), we have previously shown that young SGA men exhibit decreased energy expenditure when subjected to 36-h fasting (11). Furthermore, recent data suggest that young healthy SGA men may have an altered diurnal rhythm including diurnal variations in metabolic hormones compared with control individuals born appropriate for gestational age (AGA), since they exhibit pronounced differences in substrate oxidation rates in particular during nighttime (12,13). A central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, generating a circadian (24-h) rhythm, regulates most physiological functions.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…This hypothesis was based on the studies of 24-h substrate oxidation rates in SGA and AGA controls, the finding of increased nocturnal fat oxidation in SGA men (12,13), as well as on our previously reported increased rate of lipolysis as determined using a stable isotope glycerol tracer in the fasting state among young men born SGA (7). However, in this study, no difference in plasma FFA levels between the groups was documented during nighttime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…However, the evening differences between SGA and AGA lipid profiles with the FFA level falling after dinner and rising during nighttime, when the participants were fasting ( Fig. 2E and F; Table 3), could support the notion of a disproportionately elevated rate of lipolysis driving the increased fat oxidation rate (6,12,24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…It includes change in plasma insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, ghrelin, leptin, resistin and visfatin; incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP); cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels, as well as glucose, triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. We hypothesized that altered diurnal variation in the selected key hormones and substrates could explain the disproportionally increased nocturnal fat oxidation and decreased glucose oxidation recently reported in young men born SGA (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endocrine and metabolic diurnal rhythms in young adult men born small vs appropriate for gestational age

Brøns

Saltbæk

Friedrichsen

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Sleep disturbances and alterations of diurnal endocrine rhythms are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We previously showed that young men born small for gestational age (SGA) and with increased risk of T2D have elevated fat and decreased glucose oxidation rates during nighttime. In this study, we investigated whether SGA men have an altered diurnal profile of hormones, substrates and inflammatory markers implicated in T2D pathophysiology compared with matched individuals born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Methods: We collected hourly blood samples for 24 h, to measure levels of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), insulin, C-peptide, leptin, resistin, ghrelin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) in 13 young men born SGA and 11 young men born AGA. Results: Repeated measurements analyses were used to analyze the diurnal variations and differences between groups. The SGA subjects had increased 24-h glucose (P = 0.03), glucagon (P = 0.03) and resistin (P = 0.003) levels with no difference in diurnal rhythms compared with AGA controls. We found significant diurnal variations in levels of blood glucose, plasma TG, FFA, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, GIP, leptin, visfatin, TNF-α, IL-6 and PAI-1. The variation in FFA levels differed between the groups during the evening. Plasma ghrelin and glucagon levels did not display diurnal variations. Conclusions: Young men born SGA exhibit elevated 24-h blood glucose, and plasma glucagon and resistin levels with no major differences in diurnal rhythms of these or other key metabolic hormones, substrates or inflammatory markers implicated in the origin of adiposity and T2D.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Endocrine and metabolic diurnal rhythms in young adult men born small vs appropriate for gestational age

Brøns

Saltbæk

Friedrichsen

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Metabolic challenges, like fat overfeeding, may be required to reveal an impaired capability of adipocytes to retain and store fat in LBW subjects. In vivo studies of LBW subjects support the idea of fundamental changes in lipid metabolism including increased fasting lipolysis (20) as well as increased nocturnal fat oxidation, potentially associated with an inability to retain fat in the subcutaneous adipose tissue depot (45). A previous study reported reduced numbers of muscle satellite stem cells in mice subjected to prenatal undernutrition (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Impaired Leptin Gene Expression and Release in Cultured Preadipocytes Isolated From Individuals Born With Low Birth Weight

et al. 2013

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Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with increased risk of the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The appetite-regulating hormone leptin is released from mature adipocytes, and its production may be decreased in immature preadipocytes from LBW individuals. We recruited 14 men born with LBW and 13 controls born with normal birth weight (NBW). Biopsy samples were obtained from subcutaneous abdominal fat depots, and preadipocytes were isolated and cultured. Gene expression of leptin and selected differentiation markers were analyzed during preadipocyte differentiation, and cell culture media were collected to analyze leptin secretion. DNA methylation of CpG sites in the leptin promoter was measured using pyrosequencing. We found that differentiating preadipocytes from LBW individuals showed reduced leptin gene expression and a corresponding reduced leptin release compared with NBW individuals. Mean DNA methylation of the proximal LEP promoter was increased in LBW compared with NBW individuals. The notion of impaired adipocyte maturation in LBW individuals was supported by a lower mRNA expression of the differentiation markers; fatty acid binding protein 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g, and GLUT4. Our findings are consistent with impaired preadipocyte maturation, contributing to an increased risk of the development of T2D in LBW subjects.

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Disproportionately increased 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in young men with low birth weight during a high-fat overfeeding challenge

et al. 2015

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Increased nocturnal fat oxidation in young healthy men with low birth weight: Results from 24-h whole-body respiratory chamber measurements

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Endocrine and metabolic diurnal rhythms in young adult men born small vs appropriate for gestational age

Endocrine and metabolic diurnal rhythms in young adult men born small vs appropriate for gestational age

Impaired Leptin Gene Expression and Release in Cultured Preadipocytes Isolated From Individuals Born With Low Birth Weight

Disproportionately increased 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in young men with low birth weight during a high-fat overfeeding challenge

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