Increased Pancreatic Fat Fraction Is Present in Obese Adolescents With Metabolic Syndrome

Maggio, Albane B.R.; Mueller, Pascal; Wacker, Julie; Viallon, Magalie; Belli, Dominique Charles; Beghetti, Maurice; Farpour‐Lambert, Nathalie; Mclin, Valérie Anne

doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e318244a685

Cited by 54 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In diabetes, accumulation of cholesterol in peripheral tissue targets of diabetes complications has been described and linked to insulin resistance (52). Increased fat fraction has also been described in the pancreas of obese adolescent and diabetic patients (53) and has been shown to impair pancreatic β-cell function and insulin granule exocytosis (54). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrin Protects Podocytes in Diabetic Kidney Disease

et al. 2013

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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease despite multifactorial intervention. We demonstrated that increased cholesterol in association with downregulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 occurs in normal human podocytes exposed to the sera of patients with type 1 diabetes and albuminuria (DKD+) when compared with diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (DKD−) and similar duration of diabetes and lipid profile. Glomerular downregulation of ABCA1 was confirmed in biopsies from patients with early DKD (n = 70) when compared with normal living donors (n = 32). Induction of cholesterol efflux with cyclodextrin (CD) but not inhibition of cholesterol synthesis with simvastatin prevented podocyte injury observed in vitro after exposure to patient sera. Subcutaneous administration of CD to diabetic BTBR (black and tan, brachiuric) ob/ob mice was safe and reduced albuminuria, mesangial expansion, kidney weight, and cortical cholesterol content. This was followed by an improvement of fasting insulin, blood glucose, body weight, and glucose tolerance in vivo and improved glucose-stimulated insulin release in human islets in vitro. Our data suggest that impaired reverse cholesterol transport characterizes clinical and experimental DKD and negatively influences podocyte function. Treatment with CD is safe and effective in preserving podocyte function in vitro and in vivo and may improve the metabolic control of diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrin Protects Podocytes in Diabetic Kidney Disease

et al. 2013

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“…There is an increasing evidence of association between NAFPD and all the components of the MetS in animal models and humans[20,56,59,62,148,166]. …”

Section: Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the metabolic syndrome: Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease

Catanzaro¹,

Cuffari²,

Italia³

et al. 2016

WJG

162

132

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After the first description of fatty pancreas in 1933, the effects of pancreatic steatosis have been poorly investigated, compared with that of the liver. However, the interest of research is increasing. Fat accumulation, associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), has been defined as “fatty infiltration” or “nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease” (NAFPD). The term “fatty replacement” describes a distinct phenomenon characterized by death of acinar cells and replacement by adipose tissue. Risk factors for developing NAFPD include obesity, increasing age, male sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, alcohol and hyperferritinemia. Increasing evidence support the role of pancreatic fat in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, MetS, atherosclerosis, severe acute pancreatitis and even pancreatic cancer. Evidence exists that fatty pancreas could be used as the initial indicator of “ectopic fat deposition”, which is a key element of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and/or MetS. Moreover, in patients with fatty pancreas, pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with an increased risk of intraoperative blood loss and post-operative pancreatic fistula.

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“…There are a handful of findings that support an independent contribution of pancreatic fat to metabolic disease risk [19••, 46, 57•]. When comparing Caucasians, AAs, and Latino adults with similar levels of adiposity, Latinos have a two-fold higher pancreatic fat fraction compared to AAs [46, 47•] while Latinos and Caucasians have similar levels of pancreatic fat [46].…”

Section: Ectopic Fat: Liver and Pancreatic Fatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Basis of Ethnic Differences in Diabetes Risk in Overweight and Obese Youth

2014

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The global pandemic of childhood obesity has led to increased risk for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Studies have shown decreased insulin sensitivity and/or secretion with increasing adiposity and consistently observed greater risk for T2DM in obese, non-Caucasian youth. In the current review we describe recent advances in understanding how obesity and metabolic status in children and adolescents confers various risk profiles for T2DM among Latinos, African-Americans, Caucasians, Asians and Native Americans. These possible determinants include ectopic fat distribution, adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis, and elevated plasma levels of non-esterified free fatty acids. Future work should aim to elucidate the ethnic-specific pathophysiology of T2DM in order to develop and implement appropriate prevention and treatment strategies based on different ethnic profiles of diabetes risk.

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Increased Pancreatic Fat Fraction Is Present in Obese Adolescents With Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 54 publications

References 42 publications

Cyclodextrin Protects Podocytes in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Cyclodextrin Protects Podocytes in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Exploring the metabolic syndrome: Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease

Metabolic Basis of Ethnic Differences in Diabetes Risk in Overweight and Obese Youth

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