Increased plant density of winter wheat can enhance nitrogen–uptake from deep soil

Dai, Xinglong; Xiao, Lili; Jia, Dianyong; Kong, Haibo; Wang, Yuechao; Li, Chuanxing; Zhang, Yu; He, Mingrong

doi:10.1007/s11104-014-2190-x

Cited by 70 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Whether this was due to higher N uptake at deep depth as found for wheat by Dai et al . () on a sandy loam was not possible to determine from the distribution of soil N inorg over time. However, model simulations have indicated that the rate of root penetration to depth is more important on sandy than on loamy soil for reduction of

{NO}_{3}^{-}

leaching (Dresbøll & Thorup‐Kristensen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve the NUE of leafy vegetable production, management strategies that are expected to increase root growth and the crop N uptake may also increase N exploitation from deep soil layers. The increase in seeding (plant) density as well as leaf harvesting may be two management strategies that influence root growth and aboveground sink strength for N in opposite directions, as reported for monocots (Mackie‐Dawson, ; Dai et al ., ). As N applications increase the availability of inorganic N (N inorg ) in shallow soil layers, smaller N fertilizer applications may improve NUE through the stimulation of N uptake by deeper roots, although the effect on root growth is unclear (Kristensen & Thorup‐Kristensen, ; Stavridou et al ., ; Andersen et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Deep root growth and nitrogen uptake by rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) as affected by nitrogen fertilizer, plant density and leaf harvesting on a coarse sandy soil

Kristensen

Stavridou

2017

Soil Use and Management

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This study investigated management strategies to increase deep root growth and crop nitrogen (N) uptake by rocket grown as baby leaf in coarse sandy soil. Stage I (sowing to first harvest) measured the effects of two sowing densities and two N fertilizer rates on root growth and total N uptake. In Stage II (first to second harvest), effects of leaf harvesting and late season N fertilizer application on root growth, total N uptake and deep 15 N uptake were measured. At the end of Stage I, root depth was 0.68-0.90 m, and the large fertilizer application increased N uptake. Plant density increased root depth, N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) early in this stage and biomass production at harvest. Leaf harvesting in Stage II affected root density but not root depth that reached 1.4 m. The ability for N uptake was greater from 0.6 m due to more roots and larger N inflow than from 1.1 m depth. Late season fertilizer increased N concentration and uptake but did not affect NUE and deep N uptake. During the growing season, 330-349 kg N inorg /ha was lost from 0 to 1.0 m depth most likely by leaching. Management practices that increased root growth and N uptake were found to increase NUE in rocket production early in the season. The production system used N inefficiently and smaller applications, plant density, leaf harvesting and other changes of management are required to reduce leaching.

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{NO}_{3}^{-}

leaching (Dresbøll & Thorup‐Kristensen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Deep root growth and nitrogen uptake by rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) as affected by nitrogen fertilizer, plant density and leaf harvesting on a coarse sandy soil

Kristensen

Stavridou

2017

Soil Use and Management

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“…The spatial arrangement of crops which includes inter-row spacing, intra-row spacing and the spatial arrangement can also influence the pattern of root growth in the soil, although the above-ground interactions are an important consideration for cereals in this regard (Olsen et al, 2012;Qin et al, 2013). Higher plant density gives rise to a larger number of early initiated seminal roots having more time to grow deep (Dai et al, 2014). This was also seen in Australian spring wheat systems; the seminal roots are often the deepest, and a recent study showed that higher seed density did increase the density of roots at depth (J.…”

Section: Management Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root system-based limits to agricultural productivity and efficiency: the farming systems context

Thorup‐Kristensen

Kirkegaard

2016

Ann Bot

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Background There has been renewed global interest in both genetic and management strategies to improve root system function in order to improve agricultural productivity and minimize environmental damage. Improving root system capture of water and nutrients is an obvious strategy, yet few studies consider the important interactions between the genetic improvements proposed, and crop management at a system scale that will influence likely success.Scope To exemplify these interactions, the contrasting cereal-based farming systems of Denmark and Australia were used, where the improved uptake of water and nitrogen from deeper soil layers has been proposed to improve productivity and environmental outcomes in both systems. The analysis showed that water and nitrogen availability, especially in deeper layers (>1 m), was significantly affected by the preceding crops and management, and likely to interact strongly with deeper rooting as a specific trait of interest.Conclusions In the semi-arid Australian environment, grain yield impacts from storage and uptake of water from depth (>1 m) could be influenced to a stronger degree by preceding crop choice (0Á42 t ha ). Matching of deep-rooted genotypes to management provided the greatest improvements related to deep water capture. In the wetter environment of Denmark, reduced leaching of N was the focus. Here the amount of N moving below the root zone was also influenced by previous crop choice or cover crop management (effects up to 85 kg N ha -1 ) and wheat crop sowing date (up to 45 kg ha -1 ), effects which over-ride the effects of differences in rooting depth among genotypes. These examples highlight the need to understand the farming system context and important G Â E Â M interactions in studies on proposed genetic improvements to root systems for improved productivity or environmental outcomes.

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“…Higher crop yield with increased plant density has been reported in many field crops, including cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) (El Naim and Jabereldar 2010), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Feng et al 2014), maize (Zea mays) (Amanullah et al 2009;Antonietta et al 2014), rapeseed (Brassica napus) (Wang et al 2015), and winter wheat (Triticum aestivium) (Dai et al 2014). In these crops, seed yield is usually associated with plant morphological and physiological traits, such as plant density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in maize, silking and physiological maturity are delayed and grain yield maximized at high plant density (Antonietta et al 2014). In wheat, increased plant density improves nitrogen use efficiency through increased total root length density (Dai et al 2014). In cowpea, increased plant density resulted in increased seed yield per unit area, even though the number of pods per plant or harvest index was reduced (El Naim and Jabereldar 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

et al. 2016

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Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m −2 ) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha −1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.Key words: flowering duration, reproductive phase, diverse environments, seeding rates, pod to flower ratio.Résumé : Les plantes doivent avoir une densité optimale pour qu'il y ait amélioration de leurs caractères phéno-logiques et pour que le rendement grainier atteigne son maximum. Dans le cadre de cette étude, les auteurs ont déterminé les effets de la densité du peuplement sur la durée de la floraison, la phase post-floraison et le rendement grainier du canola dans diverses conditions. L'étude sur le terrain, qui portait sur 16 sites-années dans la principale zone de culture du canola de l'Ouest canadien, a duré de 2010 à 2012. Le cultivar InVigor® 5440, hybride résistant au glufosinate, a été cultivé à cinq densités (20, 40, 60, 80 et 100 plants m-2 ) dans le cadre d'une étude en blocs aléatoires complets avec quatre répétitions. Le rendement grainier du canola présentait une relation linéaire avec la densité de peuplement à 8 sur 16 sites-années et une relation quadratique à 4 sites-années, mais aucune corrélation n'associait ces deux variables aux quatre autres sites-années. Aux sites-années se caractérisant par une productivité faible à moyenne, le rendement grainier du canola a augmenté de 10,2 à 14,7 kg ha -1 pour chaque plant supplémentaire par mètre carré. Lorsqu'on calcule la moyenne pour les 16 environnements, on constate que les plants de canola consacrent...

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Increased plant density of winter wheat can enhance nitrogen–uptake from deep soil

Cited by 70 publications

References 55 publications

Deep root growth and nitrogen uptake by rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) as affected by nitrogen fertilizer, plant density and leaf harvesting on a coarse sandy soil

Deep root growth and nitrogen uptake by rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) as affected by nitrogen fertilizer, plant density and leaf harvesting on a coarse sandy soil

Root system-based limits to agricultural productivity and efficiency: the farming systems context

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

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