Increased prevalence of oxidant stress and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease

Abstract

There is evidence of increased oxidative stress and acute-phase inflammation in patients with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease compared to healthy subjects that does not closely correlate with estimates of GFR. Among CKD patients, inflammatory biomarkers correlate with known CVD and inversely correlate with the use of angiotensin II inhibitors and statins. A further increase in oxidative stress was noted in diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients. Inflammation and oxidative stress may contribute to cardiovascular risk in CKD patients.

Urinary F2‐Isoprostanes in Cats with International Renal Interest Society Stage 1–4 Chronic Kidney Disease

“…These findings appear to be in contrast to those obtained in human patients with moderate‐to‐severe CKD, in whom plasma F 2 ‐isoprostanes were significantly increased in many studies 1, 7, 10, 11, 12. Urinary and plasma F 2 ‐isoprostanes have been considered to be equivalent markers of chronic (but not acute) oxidative stress,15 but our different findings in cats with CKD could be because of sampling urine rather than plasma.…”

“…F 2 ‐isoprostanes are a well‐studied indicator of lipid peroxidation and redox stress and have been shown in many studies to increase with advancing CKD in humans 1, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12. In addition, redox stress appears to contribute to disease progression in animal models of CKD,16, 17, 18, 19, 20 making it a possible therapeutic target.…”

“…Potential sources of renal oxidative stress include tubulointerstitial inflammation, systemic hypertension, and depletion or dysregulation of antioxidant pathways 5, 6, 7, 8. Various plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, including F 2 ‐isoprostanes, have been shown to correlate with the stages of progressive CKD and declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans 1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12. F 2 ‐isoprostanes are formed in vivo by nonenzymatic, free radical‐catalyzed lipid peroxidation of arachidonic acid and are an established biomarker for oxidative injury in human patients across many disease states 13.…”

Endothelial Microparticles and Systemic Complement Activation in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

“…The increased risk of CVD in this patient population is only partially explained by traditional (Framingham)5, 6 risk factors, and “nontraditional” factors likely influence the risk of CVD 7. Systemic inflammation has been proposed to contribute to the development of CVD in patients with CKD,8 as inflammatory markers, such as C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6, are elevated in CKD 9, 10, 11, 12. In some observational studies, cytokines prospectively predicted the development of CVD 12…”

Assessment of Oxidative Stress Markers and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Elderly Patients Without and with Coronary Artery Disease

“…Several studies have reported that ROS are generated more in patients with diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smokers and other chronic inflammatory conditions [13]. Patients with neurodegenerative illnesses [14] diabetes and hypercholesterolemia [15] and children with juvenile chronic arthritis [16] were found to have elevated levels of total protein carbonyls, suggesting the potentiality of carbonylated proteins serving as a biomarkers for early diagnosis of these diseases.…”