Increased production of azadirachtin from an improved method of androgenic cultures of a medicinal treeAzadirachta indicaA. Juss.

Abstract

Present report is the first direct evidence of azadirachtin production in androgenic haploid cultures of Azadirachta indica, a woody medicinal tree. Anther cultures at early-late-uninucleate stage of microspores were established on MS medium with BAP (5 μM), 2,4-D (1 μM) and NAA (1 μM) containing 12% sucrose. The calli, induced, were further multiplied on 2,4-D and Kinetin media. Shoots, differentiated on BAP (2.2 μM) + NAA (0.05 μM) medium, were elongated on MS + BAP (0.5 μM) and multiplied on MS + BAP (1 μM) + CH (250 mg/l). Thereafter, the shoots were rooted on ¼ MS + IBA (0.5 μM). Cytological analysis of the calli and regenerants have confirmed their haploid status with the chromosome number as 2n = x = 12. The haploid cell lines and leaves from in vitro grown plantlets were analyzed for azadirachtin by RP-HPLC and mass spectroscopy. Maximum azadirachtin (728.41 μg/g DW) was detected in calli supporting best shoot proliferation while least (49 μg/g DW) was observed in an undifferentiated line from maintenance medium. This study has brought us a step closer to develop genetically pure lines that could serve as new and attractive alternative ways of homogeneous controlled production of high value compounds, round the year, independent of geographical and climatic barrier.

The effect of genotype, media composition, pH and sugar concentrations on oat (Avena sativa L.) doubled haploid production through oat × maize crosses

“…Sucrose is added to the medium at 2-3% and mature embryos are able to grow normally on a semi-solid medium with mineral salts and 2.5-5% sucrose, though an increase in sucrose content can be positive for morphogenesis by inhibiting the propagation of somatic tissues (Sopory and Munshi 1996). At 12%, sucrose promotes the induction of ELS from cultured anther, and at a lower (3%) concentration it favors further multiplication of ELS and their regeneration (Srivastava and Chaturvedi 2011). Some plants need 12-13% sucrose for the development of haploid ELS via androgenesis (Bogunia and Przywara 1999).…”

Harnessing the Phytotherapeutic Treasure Troves of the Ancient Medicinal Plant Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Associated Endophytic Microorganisms

“…Production of azadirachtin in neem callus and suspension cultures has also been reported [292]. Another method of androgenic culture of A. indica showed increased azadirachtin production [293]. In 2012, Kusari and coworkers reported the biosynthesis of azadirachtin by an endophytic fungus, Eupenicillium parvum, isolated from neem [294].…”

Bioactive Natural Products from Plants and Biotechnological Approaches for their Production

“…Taxol (plaxitaxol): The bark of the taxus tree (Taxus wallichiana) produces a complex diterpene alkaloid which is a potent anticancer agent because of its unique mode of action on Artemisia annua Artemisinin Callus [66] Artemisia Annua Artemisinin Callus [67] Aspidosperma ramiflorum Ramiflorin Callus [68] Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Suspension [69] Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Anther culture [70] Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Suspension [71] Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Hairy root [72] Azadirachta indica Azadirachtin Hairy root [73] Brucea javanica Cathin Suspension [74] Bupleurum falcatum Saikosaponins Root [75] Bupleurum chinensis Saikosaponins Root [76] Camellia chinensis Flavones Callus [77] Capsicum annum Capsiacin Callus [78] Capsicum chinense Capsiacin Suspension [79] Capsicum chinense Capsiacin Cotyledon [80] Capsicum chinense Capsiacin Suspension [81] Cassia acutifolia Anthraquinones Suspension [82] Aloe barbadensis Anthraquinone Callus [83] Morinda citrifola Anthraquinone Suspension [84] ( Table 1). Continued.…”