Increased Responses of Phenoloxidase in Chlorantraniliprole Resistance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella, DBM) is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables. The use of chlorantraniliprole has been essential in the management of the DBM. However, in many countries and areas, DBM has become highly resistant to chlorantraniliprole. Three different DBM strains, susceptible (S), chlorantraniliprole-selected (Rc), and field-collected (Rb) resistant strains/populations were studied for the role of phenoloxidase in resistance development to the insecticide. By assaying the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) in the three different DBM strains, the results showed that the PO activity in the Rc strain was increased significantly compared with the S strain. The synergistic effects of quercetin showed that the resistant ratio (RR) of the QRc larvae to chlorantraniliprole was decreased from 423.95 to 316.42-fold compared with the Rc larvae. Further studies demonstrated that the transcriptional and translational expression levels of PxPPO1 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-1 gene) and PxPPO2 (P. xylostella prophenoloxidase-2 gene) were increased to varying degrees compared with the S strain, such as the transcriptional expression levels of PxPPO2 were 24.02-fold that of the S strain. The responses of phenoloxidase were significantly different in chlorantraniliprole-resistant DBM.</jats:p>

Hematological and histopathological impacts of nano-emamectin benzoate against the larvae of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions

“…The tested formulations could induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in various non-nerve tissues [43,45].…”

Fitness cost of malathion resistance in Egyptian Culex pipiens populations

“…Its activity is an important marker of mosquito immunity (Rodriguez‐Andres et al, 2012). Therefore, the determination of PO activity should estimate immune status and insecticide resistance (Wang et al, 2020). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in Egypt to investigate the impact of insecticide resistance on the mosquito immune system comparing two Cx.…”

Broflanilide effectively controls Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua exhibiting diverse susceptibilities to chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate

“…Frequent applications of diamide insecticides have resulted in the selection of diamide resistance in field populations of H. armigera 40 , S. exigua, 26,47 P. xylostella, 58,60 C. suppressalis 61 and Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), 62 and excellent control efficacies have not been produced by rotating different MoA chemistries. For example, Ahmad et al 30 reported that H. armigera had very low resistance levels to chlorantraniliprole (1.8-to 6.8-fold at LC 50 ) during 2010-2016 and to flubendiamide (1.5-to 8.2-fold at LC 50 ) during 2009-2016.…”

“…Frequent applications of diamide insecticides have resulted in the selection of diamide resistance in field populations of H. armigera 40 , S. exigua , 26,47 P. xylostella , 58,60 C. suppressalis 61 and Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), 62 and excellent control efficacies have not been produced by rotating different MoA chemistries. For example, Ahmad et al 30 .…”