Increased S100B Serum Levels in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patients

Glial and Axonal Body Fluid Biomarkers Are Related to Infarct Volume, Severity, and Outcome

“…Because of the epidemiological demonstrated association between cardiomyopathy with arterial fibrillation (AF) and cardio-embolic stroke the present finding of higher CSF S100B levels in patients with cardio-embolic stroke need to be investigated further. A limitation is that neither the present study nor the study by Mazzini et al 35 did include any data on AF. Another limitation is the small number in the present study with only 9 of the 33 stroke patients suf-fering from a cardio-embolic stroke.…”

“…Interestingly, a recent study on S100B in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy found the mean serum levels to be about 4-times higher in patients (0.017 ng/mL) compared to controls (0.051 ng/mL, p<0.01). 35 Inspection of the raw data in Figure 2 in reference 35 shows that this was due to a cluster of seven of the 21 cardiomyopathy patients having serum S100B levels above 0.1 ng/mL. Based on a weak correlation of serum S100B with the Nterminal portion of the brain natriuretic peptide pro-hormone (NT-proBNP)…”

“…Additionally the correlation between S100B and NT-proBNP is not entirely convincing. Inspection of the raw data in Figure 3 in reference 35 shows that these seven cardiomyopathy patients with high serum S00B levels were spread across the whole range of NT-proBNP with some of the highest S100B values being actually in the lower NT-proBNP range, with no such correlation in the control group. Because of the epidemiological demonstrated association between cardiomyopathy with arterial fibrillation (AF) and cardio-embolic stroke the present finding of higher CSF S100B levels in patients with cardio-embolic stroke need to be investigated further.…”

Birth asphyxia as the major complication in newborns: moving towards improved individual outcomes by prediction, targeted prevention and tailored medical care

“…Potentially the brain tissue of the mesencephalon area overproducing S100B can be also the source of the increased S100B levels in the blood-serum, due to the blood-brain-barrier breakdown that is characteristic for hypoxic-ischalmic encephalopathy. However, the proteins of S100-family cannot be considered as asphyxia specific biomarkers, since significantly increased expression levels of them have been detected in blood of several patient cohorts, who suffer from different types of pathologies—neurodegenerative and vascular disorders [90–92], cardiomyopathy [93], several cancer types [94, 95]. …”

Intracellular and Extracellular Effects of S100B in the Cardiovascular Response to Disease

“…Both trophic and toxic effects of extracellular S100B are mediated in the brain by RAGE [36]. In addition to playing a major role in brain physiology [1], S100B has been implicated in cardiovascular development [39] and is considered a biochemical marker for brain injuries after bypass graft surgery [40] and dilated cardiomyopathy [41]. …”