Increased Serum Interleukin-34 in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated levels of interleukin (IL)-34, a proinflammatory cytokine, in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Following coronary artery angiography, 91 patients with CAD (including stable and unstable angina pectoris) were divided into two groups, the CAD group (coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50%) and the control group (coronary artery stenosis < 50%). Serum levels of factors including IL-34 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. RESULTS: IL-34 and hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in the CAD group than in the control group (191.3 ± 17.9 pg/ml versus 125.4 ± 14.8 pg/ml and 3.08 ± 1.81 mg/ml versus 1.42 ± 1.01 mg/ml, respectively), with a significantly positive correlation between IL-34 and hs-CRP levels in the CAD group. Multiple regression analysis showed that IL-34 and hs-CRP levels were independent predictors of CAD (IL-34: odds ratio [OR] 2.073, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.419, 2.672; hs-CRP: OR 1.878, 95% CI 1.172, 2.531). CONCLUSIONS: IL-34 levels were significantly increased in patients with CAD, and positively correlated with hs-CRP levels, suggesting that IL-34 may be an independent predictor of CAD.

IL-34 is associated with the presence and severity of renal dysfunction and coronary artery disease in patients with heart failure

“…On the other hand, our present study demonstrated that higher serum IL-34 levels were associated with more severe coronary artery disease, which is in accordance with the results of a previous study with limited sample size that including only those subjects who had CAD20. Furthermore, another study illustrated that serum IL-34 may be superior to CRP as a potential inflammatory biomarker predicting the risk of vascular diabetic complications21.…”

Salivary Colony Stimulating Factor‐1 and Interleukin‐34 in Periodontal Disease

“…CSF‐1 was detectable in 100% of serum samples, whereas IL‐34, of note, was not measurable in any patient, neither in healthy patients nor in those with periodontal disease. Others have also been unable to detect circulating IL‐34 in healthy patients and in those with osteoarthritis, whereas measurable levels in circulation have been found in patients with RA, 22 coronary artery disease, 46 and obesity 47 . This discrepancy could partially be explained by the different diseases or use of assay kits with differences in the sensitivity.…”

IL-6 gene promoter polymorphisms and risk of coronary artery disease in a Chinese population

“…The underlying pathological process of CAD is atherosclerosis, which is characterized by chronic inflammation due primarily to the deposit of oxidized lipids on the inner layer of the arterial wall. Studies have indicated that inflammation-related genes may be associated with CAD risk (Xie et al, 2012;Li et al, 2012;Kroeger et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2012;LaFramboise et al, 2012).…”