Increased Structural Connectivity in Corpus Callosum in Adolescent Males With Conduct Disorder

Zhang, Jibiao; Zhu, Xueling; Wang, Xiang; Gao, Junling; Shi, Huqing; Huang, Bingsheng; Situ, Weijun; Yi, Jinyao; Lee, Seonjoo; Yao, Shuqiao

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.12.015

Cited by 55 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Schlegel and colleagues (22) also reported increased FA values in the genu of the CC for their participants in intensive language training courses, which they attributed to increased myelination of the CC fibers as a result of increased language switching demands. Although the role of the CC in language processing is not fully understood (22), it has been heavily implicated in effective interhemispheric communication and in executive functioning (25,26). The explanation provided by Schlegel and colleagues also applies to the bilingual participants in our study, as well as in Luk and colleagues, with the difference being that our participants face similar switching demands as a result of linguistic immersion, and not language training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

The effects of bilingualism on the white matter structure of the brain

Pliatsikas

Moschopoulou²,

Saddy

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

134

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Recent studies suggest that learning and using a second language (L2) can affect brain structure, including the structure of white matter (WM) tracts. This observation comes from research looking at early and older bilingual individuals who have been using both their first and second languages on an everyday basis for many years. This study investigated whether young, highly immersed late bilinguals would also show structural effects in the WM that can be attributed to everyday L2 use, irrespective of critical periods or the length of L2 learning. Our Tract-Based Spatial Statistics analysis revealed higher fractional anisotropy values for bilinguals vs. monolinguals in several WM tracts that have been linked to language processing and in a pattern closely resembling the results reported for older and early bilinguals. We propose that learning and actively using an L2 after childhood can have rapid dynamic effects on WM structure, which in turn may assist in preserving WM integrity in older age.bilingualism | immersion | white matter | second language acquisition | TBSS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

The effects of bilingualism on the white matter structure of the brain

Pliatsikas

Moschopoulou²,

Saddy

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

145

134

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“…The first study showed a positive association between callous-unemotional traits and mean FA in the uncinate fasciculus (UF) in a sample including both healthy and conduct disordered (CD) juveniles (n=43) (Sarkar et al, 2013). The second study reported a positive association between impulsivity and FA in the corpus callosum in a sample of CD youths (n=36) (Zhang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the two studies in juvenile samples described above, we hypothesized that callousunemotional traits would be positively correlated with structural connectivity in the UF and other tracts connecting temporal and frontal cortices (Sarkar et al, 2013), while impulsiveirresponsible traits might be positively associated with FA in the corpus callosum (Zhang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychopathic traits in adolescents are associated with higher structural connectivity

Pape

Cohn

Caan

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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“…For example, DTI studies have identified increased fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus 21,[26][27][28] and corpus callosum 29,30 of children and adolescents with conduct problems, while others observed decreased white matter integrity in the same white matter tracts 26,31 , as well as in the corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, fronto-occipital fasciculus, stria terminalis, and cerebellar peduncle 31,32 . Most studies vary in regard to the precise tract or set of tracts identified, and some do not detect white matter alterations at all 20,33,34 .…”

Section: Altered White Matter Structures In Conduct Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since most DTI studies have focused solely on male or mix-gender groups, it is unclear whether girls with conduct disorder also show similar white matter alterations as observed in boys 21,[30][31][32] . So far only one study has directly investigated white matter alterations between adolescent boys and girls with conduct disorder and found sex differences for fractional anisotropy, i.e.…”

Section: Sex Differences and Conduct Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

What can be learned from white matter alterations in antisocial girls.

Menks¹

2017

J Neurol Neuromedicine

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Antisocial behavior in youths constitutes a major public health problem worldwide. Conduct disorder is a severe variant of antisocial behavior with higher prevalence rates for boys (12%) as opposed to girls (7%). A better understanding of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of conduct disorder is warranted to improve identification, diagnosis, or treatment. Functional and structural neuroimaging studies have indicated several key brain regions within the limbic system and prefrontal cortex that are altered in youths with conduct disorder. Examining the structural connectivity, i.e. white matter fiber tracts connecting these brain areas, may further inform about the underlying neural mechanisms. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a non-invasive technique that can evaluate the white matter integrity of fiber tracts throughout the brain. To date, DTI studies have found several white matter tracts that are altered in youths with conduct disorder. However, a majority of these studies have focused on male or mixed-gender groups, and only a few studies have specifically investigated white matter alterations in girls with conduct disorder. Ultimately, studies that directly compare boys and girls with conduct disorder are necessary to identify possible sexual dimorphic neural alterations and developmental trajectories of conduct disorder in youths.

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Increased Structural Connectivity in Corpus Callosum in Adolescent Males With Conduct Disorder

Cited by 55 publications

References 49 publications

The effects of bilingualism on the white matter structure of the brain

The effects of bilingualism on the white matter structure of the brain

Psychopathic traits in adolescents are associated with higher structural connectivity

What can be learned from white matter alterations in antisocial girls.

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