Increases in Total and Methylmercury in Zooplankton following Flooding of a Peatland Reservoir

Paterson, Michael; Rudd, John W. M.; Louis, V. St.

doi:10.1021/es980343l

Cited by 85 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In bio-magnification and energy and matter transfer in a pelagic food web, zooplankton is considered a crucial link between the primary producers and fish. In bio-energetic models, zooplankton are categorized as a "source" [56], or pooled into a singular grouping [57] of the trophic level of 2 [58,59], without taking into account species-specific traits or differences in life stage. Because the relative biomass of zooplankton taxa can significantly change during a calendar year [60], and because trophic positions of taxa and their relationships are dynamic during the year, we can conclude that freshwater zooplankton cannot be clustered together in the same ecological compartment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Seasonal Functional Traits of a Freshwater Zooplankton Community Using δ13C and δ15N Stable Isotope Analysis

Visconti

Caroni

Rawcliffe

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:Functional-based approaches are increasingly being used to define the functional diversity of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we proposed the use of δ 13 C and δ 15 N stable isotopes as a proxy of zooplankton functional traits in Lake Maggiore, a large, deep subalpine Italian lake. We analyzed the seasonal pattern of δ 13 C and δ 15 N signatures of different crustacean zooplankton taxa to determine food sources, preferred habitats, and trophic positions of species throughout one year. The cladocerans Daphnia longispina galeata gr., Diaphanosoma brachyurum, and Eubosmina longispina were grouped into a primary consumer functional group from their δ 13 C and δ 15 N isotopic signatures, but while the former two species shared the same food sources, the latter exhibited a more selective feeding strategy. Cyclopoid copepods occupied a distinct functional group from the other secondary consumers, being the most 15 N enriched group in the lake. The δ 15 N signature of calanoid copepods showed trophic enrichment in comparison to Daphnia and Eubosmina and linear mixing model results confirmed a predator-prey relationship. In our study, we have demonstrated that the use of δ 13 C and δ 15 N stable isotopes represented an effective tool to define ecological roles of freshwater zooplankton species and to determine functional diversity in a lake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Seasonal Functional Traits of a Freshwater Zooplankton Community Using δ13C and δ15N Stable Isotope Analysis

Visconti

Caroni

Rawcliffe

et al. 2018

Water

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“…à References: 1, this study; 2, E. Henry, personal communication; 3, Slotton et al (1995); 4, Back et al (2002Back et al ( , 20035, Jackson (1988);6, Meili and Parkman (1988);7, Watras and Bloom (1992); 8, Plourde et al (1997); 9, Monson and Brezonik (1998); 10, Paterson et al (1998);11, Watras et al (1998);12, Chen et al (2000); 13, Kainz and Lucotte (2002);14, Gorski et al (2003). of the same factors identified above may play important roles in controlling the abundance and/or biomass of these species, but no additional data on those parameters were collected for the present study (primarily post-1992).…”

Section: Temporal Trendsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Mine‐derived Mercury: Effects on Lower Trophic Species in Clear Lake, California

Suchanek

Eagles‐Smith

Slotton

et al. 2008

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Considerable ecological research on mercury (Hg) has focused on higher trophic level species (e.g., fishes and birds), but less on lower trophic species. Clear Lake, site of the abandoned Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, provides a unique opportunity to study a system influenced by mine-derived Hg. An exponentially decreasing gradient of total Hg (TotHg) away from the mine allowed us to evaluate Hg bioaccumulation in planktonic and benthic invertebrates and evaluate population-and community-level parameters that might be influenced by Hg. Studies from 1992-1998 demonstrated that TotHg in lower trophic species typically decreased exponentially away from the mine, similar to trends observed in water and sediments. However, a significant amount of invertebrate TotHg (;60% for sediment-dwelling chironomid insect larvae) likely derives from Hg-laden particles in their guts. Spatially, wholebody methylmercury (MeHg) did not typically exhibit a significant decrease with increasing distance from the mine. Temporally, TotHg concentrations in plankton and chironomids did not exhibit any short-term (seasonal or annual) or long-term (multiyear) trends. Methylmercury, however, was elevated during late summer/fall in both plankton and chironomids, but it exhibited no long-term increase or decrease during this study. Although data from a 50-yr monitoring program for benthic chaoborid and chironomid larvae documented significant population fluctuations, they did not demonstrate population-level trends with respect to Hg concentrations. Littoral invertebrates also exhibited no detectable population-or communitylevel trends associated with the steep Hg gradient. Although sediment TotHg concentrations (1-1200 mg/kg dry mass) exceed sediment quality guidelines by up to 7000 times, it is notable that no population-or community-level effects were detected for benthic and planktonic taxa. In comparison with other sites worldwide, Clear Lake's lower trophic species typically have significantly higher TotHg concentrations, but comparable or lower MeHg concentrations, which may be responsible for the discrepancy between highly elevated TotHg concentrations and the general lack of observed population-or community-level effects. These data suggest that MeHg, as well as TotHg, should be used when establishing sediment quality guidelines. In addition, site-specific criteria should be established using the observed relationship between MeHg and observed ecological responses.

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“…Zooplankton samples were taken and prepared for methylmercury analysis as described previously (34). H. azteca invertebrate samples were collected by kick-sampling and sweep-netting of epilimnetic sediments and prepared for analysis as described elsewhere (27).…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-ecosystem study shows rapid fish-mercury response to changes in mercury deposition

Harris

Rudd²,

Amyot

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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409

333

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Methylmercury contamination of fisheries from centuries of industrial atmospheric emissions negatively impacts humans and wildlife worldwide. The response of fish methylmercury concentrations to changes in mercury deposition has been difficult to establish because sediments/soils contain large pools of historical contamination, and many factors in addition to deposition affect fish mercury. To test directly the response of fish contamination to changing mercury deposition, we conducted a whole-ecosystem experiment, increasing the mercury load to a lake and its watershed by the addition of enriched stable mercury isotopes. The isotopes allowed us to distinguish between experimentally applied mercury and mercury already present in the ecosystem and to examine bioaccumulation of mercury deposited to different parts of the watershed. Fish methylmercury concentrations responded rapidly to changes in mercury deposition over the first 3 years of study. Essentially all of the increase in fish methylmercury concentrations came from mercury deposited directly to the lake surface. In contrast, <1% of the mercury isotope deposited to the watershed was exported to the lake. Steady state was not reached within 3 years. Lake mercury isotope concentrations were still rising in lake biota, and watershed mercury isotope exports to the lake were increasing slowly. Therefore, we predict that mercury emissions reductions will yield rapid (years) reductions in fish methylmercury concentrations and will yield concomitant reductions in risk. However, a full response will be delayed by the gradual export of mercury stored in watersheds. The rate of response will vary among lakes depending on the relative surface areas of water and watershed.bioaccumulation ͉ mercury methylation ͉ stable isotopes ͉ whole-ecosystem experimentation ͉ methylmercury

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Increases in Total and Methylmercury in Zooplankton following Flooding of a Peatland Reservoir

Cited by 85 publications

References 43 publications

Defining Seasonal Functional Traits of a Freshwater Zooplankton Community Using δ13C and δ15N Stable Isotope Analysis

Defining Seasonal Functional Traits of a Freshwater Zooplankton Community Using δ13C and δ15N Stable Isotope Analysis

Mine‐derived Mercury: Effects on Lower Trophic Species in Clear Lake, California

Whole-ecosystem study shows rapid fish-mercury response to changes in mercury deposition

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