Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor Strains Isolated in a Tertiary-care Centre in India

Abstract

The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are on constant change with the recent emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of most bacteria. Results of recent studies in India showed that most isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 were resistant to the commonly-used antibiotics. The study was conducted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of V. cholerae O1 isolated during 2008-2010 at the hospital of the Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. In total, 154 strains of V. cholerae O1 from 2,658 stool specimens were reported during January 2008–December 2010—34 in 2008, 2 in 2009, and 118 in 2010. The isolates of V. cholerae O1 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibili-ty testing using the Kirby-Bauer method. The antibiotic disks tested were tetracycline (30 μg), furazolidone (100 μg), ampicillin (10 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), and ciprofloxacin (5 μg). Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was used as the control organism. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline were determined using the agar dilution method for all the strains. The E-test method was used for the strains which had either intermediate resistance or were resistant to the antibiotics by the agar dilution method. The results of the agar dilution corroborated the results of the E-test. The MIC of ceftriaxone in 151 strains was <2 μg/mL while it was 16 μg/mL in three strains; the latter three strains were resistant to ceftriaxone by the disc-diffusion test. The MIC of ciprofloxacin in 150 strains was <0.5 μg/mL while the MIC of tetracycline was <1 μg/mL. In the remaining four strains, the MIC of tetracycline was >32 μg/mL, and the MIC of ciprofloxacin was >8 μg/mL. These four strains were resistant to both tetracycline and ciprofloxacin by the disc-diffusion test and were exclusive of the three ceftriaxone-resistant strains. The majority of the isolates were obtained from children aged 0-5 year(s)—70.3% (83 of 118) and 41.2% (14 of 34) were reported in 2010 and 2008 respectively. Since treating severe cases of cholera with antibiotics is important, the continuing spread of resistance in V. cholerae to the most important agents of therapy is a matter of concern. Also, chemoprophylaxis with antimicrobial agents is likely to become even more difficult.

Retrospective analysis to study trend of biotype, serotype and phage type of Vibrio cholerae isolates in South Gujarat over last 17 years

“…As chloramphenicol is not being used commonly in routine since a long time, selection pressure is decreasing and increased susceptibility is recorded by isolates. Ciprofl oxacin susceptibility (100%) seen in the present study was similar to other studies by Mandal et al [10] (97%) and Shrestha et al [11] (100%) carried out in Puducherry and Nepal respectively. An antibiotic susceptibility result reported by Chander et al [12] was quite similar to the present study.…”

Edible ice in Jakarta, Indonesia, is contaminated with multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae with virulence potential

“…There has been an increase in the incidence of antibiotic resistance in O1, O139 and non-O1 V. cholerae serogroups in both clinical and environmental isolates (Deashinta et al, 2007;Mandal et al, 2012;Rahmani et al, 2012;Panda et al, 2012). V. cholerae O1 strains that are resistant to cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim have been isolated from south India (Jagadeeshan et al Cholera has been categorized as one of the emerging and reemerging diseases that cause severe diarrhoea.…”

Estimation of Vibrio Species Incidences and Antibiotic Resistance in Diarrhea Patients.

“…Vibrio strains having resistance against cephalosporins have been reported scarcely [15], while the current study elicited alarming resistance rates against cephalosporin class in the region. The previous studies reported very higher levels of resistance against nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin antibiotics [31,32,43,44]; however, our study implicated relatively low levels of resistance against these antibiotics.…”

“…Isolation of multidrug resistant Vibrio species from clinical sources is a major concern. Recent studies have reported a rise in antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio species against major classes of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and b-lactams) [14,15].…”