Increasing incidence of childhood-onset Type I diabetes in 3 Baltic countries and Finland 1983–1998

Podar, T; A, Solntsev; Karvonen, Marjatta; Padaiga, Žilvinas; Briģis, Ģirts; Urbonaite, Brone; Viik-Kajander, M.; Reunanen, Antti; Tuomilehto, J.

doi:10.1007/pl00002947

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…b Median peptide enterovirus antibody levels (EIU) in EIA in different countries in relation to the incidence of type 1 diabetes (per 100,000 children). Incidence data for both figures are from [1,3,25] Discussion This study shows a decrease in enterovirus antibodies in the background population over the past 20 years in Finland and Sweden, while the incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased during the same time period. Furthermore, the populations with a high incidence of type 1 diabetes had a lower frequency of enterovirus antibodies than populations with a low diabetes incidence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Incidence of type 1 diabetes The mean annual incidences of type 1 diabetes (per 100,000 children under the age of 15 years) were taken from publications covering approximately the same period in the 1990s [1,3,25]. The incidences were 12.3 in Estonia, 40.8 in Finland, 12.0 in Germany, 9.4 in Hungary, 7.3 in Israel, 7.8 in Lithuania, 7.3 in Russia and 25.7 in Sweden.…”

Section: Subjects Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased worldwide over recent decades, and the incidence varies remarkably even among geographically close countries, such as Finland compared with Estonia and Russia [1][2][3]. The reasons behind this epidemiological pattern have remained obscure, although it has been related to certain risk factors for type 1 diabetes, such as cow's milk consumption [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and maternal enterovirus antibodies: time trends and geographical variation

et al. 2005

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Aims/hypothesis: We have previously observed an inverse correlation between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and enterovirus infections in the background population. The aim of this study was to analyse whether maternal enterovirus antibody status, which reflects both the frequency of enterovirus infections and the protection conferred by the mother on the offspring, also correlates with the incidence of type 1 diabetes. Methods: Maternal enterovirus antibodies were analysed from serum samples taken from pregnant women between 1983 and 2001 in Finland and Sweden using enzyme immunoassay and neutralisation assays. Comparable samples were also taken between 1999 and 2001 in countries with a lower incidence of diabetes (Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Lithuania, Russia). Results: A clear decrease was observed in maternal enterovirus antibody levels over the past 20 years (p<0.0001). The frequency of enterovirus antibodies was higher in countries with a low or intermediate incidence of type 1 diabetes compared with high-incidence countries (p<0.0001). Conclusions/interpretation: These findings are in line with our previous observations supporting the hypothesis that a low frequency of enterovirus infection in the background population increases the susceptibility of young children to the diabetogenic effect of enteroviruses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Subjects Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and maternal enterovirus antibodies: time trends and geographical variation

et al. 2005

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“…The incidence of the disease in children up to 15 years of age is well documented by two multi-centre studies [4,5,6,7], with incidence varying from less than 1 per 100000 person years in Venezuela and China to more than 35 per 100000 person years in Finland and Sardinia. Furthermore, recent studies suggest a higher rate of increase in disease among children younger than 5 years than in children between 5 and 15 years of age [8,9,10,11], although other studies have not observed a differential rise in incidence [12,13,14].…”

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confidence: 97%

The epidemiology of Type 1 diabetes mellitus is not the same in young adults as in children

et al. 2004

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Aims/hypothesis. This prospective study examined the epidemiology of Type 1 diabetes in young adults in Europe. Methods. We ascertained incident cases of Type 1 diabetes in the 15 to 29 years (both inclusive) age group throughout Europe over a period of 2 years. Diabetes registries in nine countries, in which incidence rates for Type 1 diabetes in the 0 to 14 age group were available, took part. Incidence rates were estimated per 100000 person years and standardised for sex and age. Cumulative incidences per 1000 from birth to age 30 were estimated. Heterogeneity between centres was tested with a Poisson regression model. Results. A total of 2112 diabetes cases were ascertained in 1996 and 1997, of which 61.4% were considered to be Type 1 diabetes. Completeness of ascertainment varied from 70 to 90%. Standardised incidence varied from 4.8 per 100000 person years to 13.4 per 100000 person years. The male-female ratio was estimated to be one or more, and in the 25 to 29 age group 1.5 or more in all countries. Cumulative incidences for males and females indicate that the former exceeds the latter from age 24. In the two centres with highest childhood incidence, this applied already from 14 years of age. Conclusions/interpretation. The incidence of Type 1 diabetes in adults is lower than in children and the range of incidence is also reduced, with a less than threefold variation in adults, against an eightfold variation in children. There is a male excess in incidence, especially in the age group 25 to 29 years.

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“…A series of studies have shown that the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes has been increasing over the past decades (11,12), and it has been postulated that increasing medical information and awareness concurrent with an overall increase in incidence might have resulted in changes in the clinical presentation at diagnosis in developed countries (5,13). A recent American study (14) indicated that genetic screening combined with continuous monitoring for signs of ␤-cell autoimmunity in children at risk results in less severe disease presentation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children in Northern Finland

2007

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Increasing incidence of childhood-onset Type I diabetes in 3 Baltic countries and Finland 1983–1998

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

Relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and maternal enterovirus antibodies: time trends and geographical variation

Relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and maternal enterovirus antibodies: time trends and geographical variation

The epidemiology of Type 1 diabetes mellitus is not the same in young adults as in children

Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children in Northern Finland

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