Increasing Incidence of Life-threatening Pertussis

Macdonald-Laurs, Emma; Ganeshalingham, Anusha; Lillie, Jonathan; McSharry, Brian P.; Segedin, Elizabeth; Best, Emma; Pillai, Avinesh; Harnden, Anthony; Gilchrist, Catherine A.

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000001441

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Not surprisingly, the findings from our study agree with those from some HICs: the highest incidence of pertussis was in infants and the greatest pertussis-specific mortality in children younger than 6 months [ 107 – 109 ]. Moreover, we also noted the increase in the prevalence of pertussis in adolescents similarly described in highly vaccinated cohorts from HICs [ 110 – 112 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The burden of laboratory-confirmed pertussis in low- and middle-income countries since the inception of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) in 1974: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Muloiwa

Kagina

Engel

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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Background: An effective vaccine against Bordetella pertussis was introduced into the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) by WHO in 1974, leading to a substantial global reduction in pertussis morbidity and mortality. In low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), however, the epidemiology of pertussis remains largely unknown. This impacts negatively on pertussis control strategies in these countries. This study aimed to systematically and comprehensively review published literature on the burden of laboratory-confirmed pertussis in LMICs over the 45 years of EPI. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for relevant literature (1974 to December 2018) using common and MeSH terms for pertussis. Studies using PCR, culture or paired serology to confirm Bordetella pertussis and parapertussis in symptomatic individuals were included if they had clearly defined numerators and denominators to determine prevalence and mortality rates. Results: Eighty-two studies (49,167 participants) made the inclusion criteria. All six WHO regions were represented with most of the studies published after 2010 and involving mainly upper middle-income countries (n = 63; 77%). PCR was the main diagnostic test after the year 2000. The overall median point prevalence of PCR-confirmed Bordetella pertussis was 11% (interquartile range (IQR), 5-27%), while culture-confirmed was 3% (IQR 1-9%) and paired serology a median of 17% (IQR 3-23%) over the period. On average, culture underestimated prevalence by 85% (RR = 0.15, 95% CI, 0.10-0.22) compared to PCR in the same studies. Risk of pertussis increased with HIV exposure [RR, 1.4 (95% CI, 1.0-2.0)] and infection [RR, 2.4 (95% CI, 1.1-5.1)]. HIV

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The burden of laboratory-confirmed pertussis in low- and middle-income countries since the inception of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) in 1974: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Muloiwa

Kagina

Engel

et al. 2020

BMC Med

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“…Fifty percent of infants less than 1 year of age who had pertussis will require hospitalization, of which 50% will develop pneumonia and 1% will die due to pneumonia [11]. Most deaths attributed to young infants who were either unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated [3,4,12]. This situation is also happened in Indonesia, where most cases are infant < 1 year old and present with bronchopneumonia and later known as having probable pertussis [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pertussis or whooping cough (also known as 100 days cough or batuk rejan in Indonesian language) has dramatically resurged in the recent years. The burden of the disease has increased in highly immunized countries, particularly in those aged over 10 years and infants less than five months of age [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis in Children: Problems in Indonesia

Nataprawira¹,

Indriyani²,

Olivianto³

2018

Emerg Med

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Situation in IndonesiaWorld Health Organization (WHO) had reported 200,868 cases of pertussis in 2012, 95% of cases occurred in developing countries. Although reliable reports on the incidence rate of pertussis are hampered by misdiagnosis, unavailability of laboratory test confirmation, underreporting and different case criteria between countries, it is obvious that 90% of estimated 400,000 pertussis related death occur in these countries [3,7]. In Indonesia, laboratory test confirmation is nearly not possible because microbiology culture facility for Bordetella pertussis AbstractThe burden of pertussis cases has dramatically resurged and increased in highly immunized countries. However, in Indonesia those cases are still under diagnosed because of lack of awareness and laboratory support to confirm pertussis diagnoses. This review article will discuss about pertussis in children, the magnitude problems in Indonesia.We searched databases including Pubmed/MEDLINE database, Elsevier, and also official website for the following keywords: Pertussis, whooping cough, children, diagnosis and treatment, problem, Indonesia.

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“…It can lead to life-threatening complications like pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), respiratory failure and shock. Mortality rate ranges from 4.8-55% [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Data on critical pertussis is scarce, with very few reports from LMICs like India [13,14].…”

Section: R R R R R E E E E E S S S S S E E E E E a A A A A R R R R R C C C C C H P H P H P H P H P A A A A A P P P P P E E E E E R R R R mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Profile of Critical Pertussis in Children at a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Northern India

et al. 2020

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Objective: To delineate the clinical profile, complications, intensive care needs, and predictors of mortality in children with critical pertussis. Methods: Retrospective analysis of case records of children in the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary-care hospital, with a diagnosis of critical pertussis over 3 years. Diagnostic criteria included CDC case definition and confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), when available. Survivors and nonsurvivors were compared to identify predictors of mortality. Results: 36 records were analysed, most cases were infants (31, 86.1%). 10 (27.7%) were (below 6 weeks of age). In the rest, 16 (61.5%) were partially immunized or unimmunized against pertussis. Rapid breathing (88.9%), paroxysmal cough (86.1%) and apnea (41.7%) were common presenting complaints. Hypoxemia (97.2%), hyperleukocytosis (61.1%) and encephalopathy (52.8%) were common complications. Intensive care needs were mechanical ventilation in 11 (30.6%), vasoactive support in 7 (19.4%) and exchange transfusion in 3 (8.3%). Female gender, apnea, hyperleukocytosis, encephalopathy, need for vasoactive support, and mechanical ventilation predicted mortality. Conclusion: Pertussis demands attention due to its varied presentation, increased complications and higher mortality.

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Increasing Incidence of Life-threatening Pertussis

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

The burden of laboratory-confirmed pertussis in low- and middle-income countries since the inception of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) in 1974: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The burden of laboratory-confirmed pertussis in low- and middle-income countries since the inception of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) in 1974: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Pertussis in Children: Problems in Indonesia

Clinical Profile of Critical Pertussis in Children at a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Northern India

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