Increasing incidence of multiple sclerosis in women in Northern Finland

Krökki, Olga; Bloigu, Risto; Reunanen, Mauri; Am, Remes

doi:10.1177/1352458510384012

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The increasing temporal trend with an overall female to male ratio (1.9) of MS risk for entire study period concurs with the findings of several other studies conducted across the globe including Canada (3.2) [3] , French West Indies (2.0) [37] , Isfahan, Iran (3.3) [10] , Japan (3.4) [38] , South-East Wales, UK (4.3) [35] , Ireland (2.0) [39] , Finland (2.2) [36] , New Zealand (2.7) [40] , Sweden (2.7) [41,42] , Denmark (2.0) [43] , Oslo, Norway (2.3) [44] , Spain (4.0) [7] and other European countries (3.4) [45] . A meta-regression analysis of most of the aforementioned studies highlighted the rise in MS incidence and prevalence over recent 3-6 decades mainly due to the increased burden of relapsing-remitting MS in females [8] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Subsequent reports based on the sub-analyses of the data numerically revealed an increased frequency of MS patients in women than men in various countries/regions including South East Wales, * This value of sex ratio occurred 6 times in the study period. Japan, US and Northern Finland [17,[33][34][35][36] . In Kuwait as well, between October 2010 and April 2013, an increase in the incidence of adult-onset MS was more pronounced among women than men (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective Cohort Study of Gender Differential in Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Kuwait

et al. 2016

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Background: Despite an increase in the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the Middle-East, there is a paucity of published data on sex ratio among MS patients in the region. Therefore, this retrospective cohort study determined sex ratio by year of birth of MS patients born from January 1, 1950, to December 31, 2000, who were diagnosed and registered in the Kuwait National MS Registry till April 30, 2013. Methods: Patients were classified into 5-year periods according to their year of birth. Sex ratio (female:male) and its 95% CI for each period were computed. Using binomial logistic regression, sex ratio in MS patients was modeled with respect to year of birth and nationality. Results: Of 1,035 patients with MS, 675 (65.2%) were women and 798 (77.1%) Kuwaiti. Sex ratio (female:male) of MS cases for entire study period was 1.9 (range 0.4-3.0). Multivariable logistic regression model showed that with each passing year of birth, there was statistically significant 8% increase in sex ratio (female:male) for vulnerability to MS risk (adjusted OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.06-1.09; p < 0.001). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant steady increase on logarithmic scale in the gender disparity for MS risk over the study period. This study from the Middle-East adds to the existing persuasive evidence of enhanced MS risk in women. Further insight in the context of differential risk factors including the role of sex hormones and vitamin D deficiency in MS pathogenesis may help designing preventive strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Cohort Study of Gender Differential in Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Kuwait

et al. 2016

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“…In the Sassari Province of Sardinia, incidence has increased from 1.1 to 5.8 between 1965-1969 and 1995-1999 [24]. Increasing incidence rates have also been reported in France [25], Netherlands [26], Australia [27], Japan [28], Finland [29], Norway [30,31] and Italy [32]. Interestingly, an increase in female-to-male ratio of MS incidence has also been observed, with a systematic review and meta-analysis estimating a ratio increase from 1.4 in 1955 to 2.3 in 2000 in incident cases, when incidence studies were repeated after some years or decades in the same population [33].…”

Section: Increasing Incidence Of Ms and T1dmentioning

confidence: 93%

The co-occurrence of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes: Shared aetiologic features and clinical implication for MS aetiology

Tettey

Simpson

Taylor

et al. 2015

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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“…An increasing incidence has been observed in AD (1,2,4,6,8) and several other autoimmune-mediated disorders in recent years, including celiac disease (13), type 1 diabetes (14,15,16,17,18), and multiple sclerosis (19). Diverse genetic variations predispose to autoimmune AD (20,21,22).…”

Section: European Journal Of Endocrinologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing prevalence of Addison's disease in German females: health insurance data 2008–2012

Meyer

Neumann

Badenhoop

et al. 2014

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Our objective was to investigate the epidemiology of autoimmune Addison's disease (AD) in Germany. Design: Routine data were analyzed from the Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) database of the Techniker Krankenkasse (TK) for an observation period from 01/01/2008 to 31/12/2012. The TK is one of the largest German health care insurance providers covering more than 10% of the German population. Subjects and methods: Between 2008 and 2012, a total of 2477 diagnoses of primary adrenal failure were recorded in the SHI database. After exclusion of secondary, iatrogenic or other non-idiopathic forms and after adjustment for incomplete data sets, 1364 diagnoses of autoimmune-mediated AD remained. Results: The prevalence of AD in our cohort showed a steady increase from 82 per million in 2008 to 87 per million in 2012. On average, the prevalence rose about 1.8% per year, and due to a pronounced increase (2.7%) in females. The prevalence was lower in men (63-68 per million) than in women (96-108 per million). Autoimmune comorbidities were found in 46.5% of AD patients. Adrenal crises were documented with a frequency of 14-17/100 patient years. Conclusions: These data provide a first epidemiological profile of this rare and perilous endocrine disease in Germany. Although the prevalence of AD appears lower than in the Scandinavian countries, the increasing figures in females over the last 5 years warrant further investigations. Furthermore, adrenal crises pose a considerable burden. Hereby, we can show that health insurance data provide a valuable tool for epidemiological studies in the absence of national registries.

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Increasing incidence of multiple sclerosis in women in Northern Finland

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Retrospective Cohort Study of Gender Differential in Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Kuwait

Retrospective Cohort Study of Gender Differential in Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Kuwait

The co-occurrence of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes: Shared aetiologic features and clinical implication for MS aetiology

Increasing prevalence of Addison's disease in German females: health insurance data 2008–2012

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