Increasing intake of dietary soluble nutrients affects digesta passage rate in the stomach of growing pigs

Schop, Marijke; Jansman, A.J.M.; Vries, S. de; Gerrits, W.J.J.

doi:10.1017/s0007114518003756

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Solid fractions of digesta needed on average 4•9 h to pass the stomach and SI of young growing pigs, which is in line with previous research (10,11,39,40) . The effects of digesta passage behaviour on nutrient absorption kinetics were dominated by stomach MRT, as digesta MRT in the stomach was longer than that of the SI, which corresponds to previous research (11) . As expected (10,11) , we found that the passage rate for the liquid digesta fraction typically exceeded that of solids in the stomach, but not necessarily in the SI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The increase in fluidity after passage of the stomach is likely related to the lower DM content in the SI compared with the stomach (on average 13 %, data not shown). It is well known that solids are retained longer in the porcine stomach than liquids (10,11) , which is consistent with the difference in MRT between stomach liquids and solids, observed in our study. Usually, large particles (diameter > 1-2 mm) remain in the human stomach until the particle size is reduced sufficiently (16,18) .…”

Section: Rheological Characterisation Of Diets and Digestasupporting

confidence: 93%

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Whole digesta properties as influenced by feed processing explain variation in gastrointestinal transit times in pigs

et al. 2019

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Physicochemical properties of diets are believed to play a major role in the regulation of digesta transit in the gastrointestinal tract. Starch, being the dominant nutrient in pig diets, strongly influences these properties. We studied transport of digesta solids and liquids through the upper gastrointestinal tract of ninety pigs in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Dietary treatments varied in starch source (barley, maize and high-amylose maize) and form (isolated starch, ground cereal and extruded cereal). Mean retention times (MRT) of digesta solids ranged 129–225 min for the stomach and 86–124 min for the small intestine (SI). The MRT of solids consistently exceeded that of liquids in the stomach, but not in the SI. Solid digesta of pigs fed extruded cereals remained 29–75 min shorter in the stomach compared with pigs fed ground cereals (P < 0·001). Shear stress of whole digesta positively correlated with solid digesta MRT in the stomach (r 0·33, P < 0·001), but not in the SI. The saturation ratio (SR), the actual amount of water in stomach digesta as a fraction of the theoretical maximum held by the digesta matrix, explained more variation in digesta MRT than shear stress. The predictability of SR was hampered by the accumulation of large particles in the stomach. In addition, the water-holding capacity of gelatinised starch leads to a decreased SR of diets, but not of stomach digesta, which was caused by gastric hydrolysis of starch. Both of these phenomena hinder the predictability of gastric retention times based on feed properties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Rheological Characterisation Of Diets and Digestasupporting

confidence: 93%

Whole digesta properties as influenced by feed processing explain variation in gastrointestinal transit times in pigs

et al. 2019

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“…Experimental conditions and the number of animals limit our capability to make conclusions on growth performance. Other factors such as feed intake and solubility of nutrients influence retention time of solids and liquids in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby changing the kinetics of nutrient flow (52) . Although soluble DF and diet viscosity might influence retention time (53) , how digesta viscosity regulates retention time, thereby altering nutrient digestibility cannot be discerned in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased nutrient digestibility due to viscosity is independent of the amount of dietary fibre fed to growing pigs

et al. 2021

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Fibre content and its effect on chyme viscosity are associated with changes in the digestive system of humans and pigs. However, it is unclear if fibre content and viscosity affect nutrient utilization and intestinal function independently or interactively. Therefore, we evaluated apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and intestinal function in 36 ileal-cannulated barrows fed for 29 days either corn-soy (CSBM) or high-fibre CSBM+30% distillers dried grains with solubles (CSBM+DDGS) modified to three levels of viscosity by adding 5% non-viscous cellulose (CEL), 6.5% medium-viscous carboxymethylcellulose (MCMC) or 6.5% high-viscous CMC (HCMC). Digesta was collected on days 27 and 28 and intestinal samples on day 29. Feeding CMC, regardless of fibre content, increased viscosity of whole digesta (P = 0.003) and digesta supernatant (P < 0.0001) compared with CEL. Feeding CSBM+DDGS or CMC decreased AID of dry matter (P = 0.003; P < 0.0001) and crude protein (P = 0.02; P < 0.0001) compared with CSBM or CEL. Feeding CMC regardless of fibre content increased crypt depth in jejunum (P = 0.02) and goblet cell area in ileum (P = 0.004) compared with CEL. Adding DDGS or CMC did not affect villus height and gene expression of jejunal monosaccharide and amino-acid transporters. Feeding HCMC, regardless of fibre content, elevated amylase activity by 46% and 50% in jejunal (P = 0.03) and ileal digesta (P = 0.01) compared with CEL. In summary, diets with increased viscosity decreased nutrient digestibility and induced intestinal changes that were independent of the amount of fibre fed.

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“…Briefly, a dynamic stomach model was developed, mimicking a step-wise drop in pH ( Martens et al, 2020 ). In the small intestine, these methods focus on the solubilization of proteins and appearance of AA and small peptides, or glucose, during incubation with digestive enzymes, rather than harvesting the insoluble residue at the end of incubation ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Schop et al, 2019b ).…”

Section: In Vitro Methods To Characterize the Potential Feeding Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

ASAS-NANP symposium: digestion kinetics in pigs: the next step in feed evaluation and a ready-to-use modeling exercise

Gerrits

Schop

Vries

et al. 2021

Journal of Animal Science

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Growing importance of upcycling agricultural by-products, food waste, and food processing by-products through livestock production strongly increased the variation in the nutritional quality of feed ingredients. Traditionally, feed ingredients are evaluated based on their measured extent of digestion. Awareness increases that in addition to the extent, the kinetics of digestion affects the metabolic fate of nutrients after absorption. Together with a growing body of evidence of complex interactions occurring within the lumen of the digestive tract, this urges the need of developing new approaches for feed evaluation. In a recently developed approach, we propose combining in vitro and in silico methods for feed ingredient evaluation. First steps in the development of such a systems were made by (1) evaluating in vitro the digestion potential of feed ingredients, regarding this as true ingredient properties and (2) predicting in silico the digestive processes like digesta transit, nutrient hydrolysis and absorption using dynamic, mechanistic modeling. This approach allows to evaluate to what extent the digestion potential of each ingredient is exploited in the digestive tract. Future efforts should focus on modeling digesta physicochemical properties and transit, applying in vitro digestion kinetic data of feed ingredients in mechanistic models, and generating reliable in vivo data on nutrient absorption kinetics across feed ingredients. The dynamic modeling approach is illustrated by a description of a modeling exercise that can be used for teaching purposes in digestive physiology or animal nutrition courses. A complete set of equations is provided as an on-line supplement, and can be built in modeling software that is freely available. Alternatively, the model can be constructed using any modeling software that enables the use of numerical integration methods.

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Increasing intake of dietary soluble nutrients affects digesta passage rate in the stomach of growing pigs

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Whole digesta properties as influenced by feed processing explain variation in gastrointestinal transit times in pigs

Whole digesta properties as influenced by feed processing explain variation in gastrointestinal transit times in pigs

Decreased nutrient digestibility due to viscosity is independent of the amount of dietary fibre fed to growing pigs

ASAS-NANP symposium: digestion kinetics in pigs: the next step in feed evaluation and a ready-to-use modeling exercise

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