Increasing rates of parasitism of the larval parasitoid <i>Bracon brevicornis</i> (Hym., Braconidae) by using kairomones, pheromones and a supplementary food

Zaki, F. N.; El-Saadany, G.; Gomma, A.; Saleh, M. M. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1998.tb01546.x

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similarly, in olfactometer studies, the kairomonal effect of hexane extract of the larvae of Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner and Sesamia cretica Lederer on the adults of larval parasitoid, Bracon brevicornis Wesmaet, was evaluated. Female parasitoids were found to be more attracted to the kairomone of S. cretica than that of O. nubilalis (Zaki et al, 1998). Several studies reported that oligo-and polyphagous parasitoids are differentially attracted to their hosts (Zhu et al, 1992;Mansfield & Mills, 2004;Brotodjojo & Walter, 2006).…”

Section: Differentiation Between Suitable Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent literature has shown the importance of host infochemicals in determining host specificity in parasitoids (Meiners et al, 2000;Conti et al, 2004). Several studies reported that host kairomone from a specific herbivore stage (Zaki et al, 1998) or by-product of its specific host (Rojas et al, 2006) as the most reliable information for the respective parasitoids.…”

Section: Specificity In Relation To Herbivore Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential attraction of parasitoids in relation to specificity of kairomones from herbivores and their by‐products

Afsheen

Wang

et al. 2008

Insect Science

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Infochemicals are used by foraging parasitoids in the host selection process from habitat preference until host recognition. Kairomones from the herbivore host plays a vital role in the attraction of parasitoids, particularly in the micro‐habitat. Parasitoids are specifically attracted to their respective herbivore species even when different herbivores are present on the same plant. Chemicals emitted from different stages of host (eggs, larvae, pupae, adult), host by‐products (e.g., frass, exuviae, mandibular gland secretions, defense secretions etc.), or intra‐specific infochemicals (pheromones) can be main signals for the parasitoids. Parasitoids can differentiate between host and non‐host, between different hosts and host stages by perceiving specific volatile and contact kairomones from the host itself, host along with its by‐product, by‐products alone or intra‐specific infochemicals; of which frass (by‐product) and intra‐specific infochemicals are the most reported ones. Adult and larval parasitoids have been reported to be attracted to kairomones of their target stage or byproduct of their host. Pupal parasitoids have been found to utilize kairomones from the preceding host stage while egg parasitoids are known to exploit a variety of host infochemicals, for example, either from eggs themselves or other non‐target host stages, especially adults and adult‐related by‐products. The kairomonal chemicals identified so far include various groups, but mainly hydrocarbons. A high degree of host specificity and host acceptance is important for the parasitoids as any mistake may result in the loss of fitness.

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Section: Differentiation Between Suitable Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Specificity In Relation To Herbivore Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential attraction of parasitoids in relation to specificity of kairomones from herbivores and their by‐products

Afsheen

Wang

et al. 2008

Insect Science

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“…reviewed in Vet & Dicke, 1992). These volatiles may originate from the host plant, the herbivore itself or the interaction between plant and herbivore (Drost et al, 1986;Turlings et al, 1991, Agelopoulos & Keller, 1994Zaki et al, 1998). Evidence that a diamondback moth parasitoid is attracted by kairomones was found in D. semiclausum (Davis, 1987;Ohara et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host shift to peas in the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and response of its parasitoid Diadegma mollipla (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Rossbach

Löhr

Vidal

2006

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Host shifts in herbivorous insects are thought to sometimes provide enemy-free space on the novel host plant. A population of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), an oligophagous pest on crucifers, recently shifted to sugar snap- and snowpeas (Pisum sativum) in Kenya, resulting in heavy damage to these crops. The impact of this host shift on the interaction with Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren), one of the most frequent parasitoid species attacking P. xylostella in this area, was investigated. Parasitism rates and development of two strains of D. mollipla, one reared from a cabbage-feeding strain of P. xylostella and the second from the new pea-feeding strain, changed based on the host-plant that P. xylostella fed upon, with both parasitoid strains more effective on the novel host plant. Parasitism by the cabbage-D. mollipla strain on P. xylostella infesting peas was four times higher than on P. xylostella infesting cabbage when a single plant species was present. However, when both crops were offered together, the level of parasitism dropped to the level seen when cabbage was offered alone. Diadegma mollipla developed on both hosts, but cabbage-D. mollipla had a longer total development time. Pupae of cabbage-feeding P. xylostella were significantly heavier than pupae of pea-feeding P. xylostella and parasitism had no influence on these differences. Diadegma mollipla preferred to parasitize the pea-feeding P. xylostella. Thus, the host shift by P. xylostella to a novel host plant did not necessarily provide enemy-free space, with the parasitoid species tested. The implications of these findings for the host-parasitoid relationship are discussed.

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“…Applying attractants in combination with food sprays may promote oviposition of released chrysopid predators into the target crop [69]. Hexane extract of corn borer larvae was applied on corn plants to enhance performance of larval parasitoid Bracon brevicornis adults against the corn borers Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia cretica [102].…”

Section: Applying Semiochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Releasing Bracon spp to control corn borer larvae is one of the effective methods for controlling such insects [102]. Two ectoparasitoid species Bracon sp.…”

Section: Larval Parasitoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation Biological Control Practices

El-Wakeil¹,

Saleh²,

Gaafar³

et al. 2017

Biological Control of Pest and Vector Insects

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Natural enemies are subjected to continuous deterioration in populations especially in modern agricultural systems characterized by complete removal of plants after harvesting as well as by insecticide applications. This complete removal of plants gives rise to disappearance of natural enemies after each crop season. Conservation biological control is the protection of NEs against adverse efects of pesticides and incompatible cultural practices and improving their eiciency via providing food sources. During non-crop periods, natural enemies may need of beneit from pollen and nectar. Preservation of natural enemies can be achieved by providing habitat and resources for NEs. This chapter aimed at discussing a suggested strategy for more eicient conservation biological control comprising collection, preservation and releasing the preserved natural enemies on target crops. The collection is mainly conducted before crop harvest and during winter from fruit orchards. Preservation greenhouses are dedicated for natural enemies rather than commercial production of crops. Natural enemies taken from preservation greenhouses are released in target crops during growing season. Diferent techniques used in collection, preservation and release of natural enemies are reviewed. Such a conservation biological control strategy might contribute to preserve the natural bio-diversity in the agricultural environment and provide natural alternatives to pesticides.

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Increasing rates of parasitism of the larval parasitoid Bracon brevicornis (Hym., Braconidae) by using kairomones, pheromones and a supplementary food

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Differential attraction of parasitoids in relation to specificity of kairomones from herbivores and their by‐products

Differential attraction of parasitoids in relation to specificity of kairomones from herbivores and their by‐products

Host shift to peas in the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and response of its parasitoid Diadegma mollipla (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Conservation Biological Control Practices

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