Increasing sensitivity and angle-of-view of mid-wave infrared detectors by integration with dielectric microspheres

Allen, Kenneth W.; Abolmaali, Farzaneh; Duran, Joshua M.; Ariyawansa, G.; Limberopoulos, Nicholaos I.; Urbas, Augustine; Astratov, Vasily N.

doi:10.1063/1.4954190

Cited by 49 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…There is a certain interesting aspect about the use of microspheres for obtaining high resolutions which was not largely exploited. The measurements which have been made by the microspheres are usually based on light intensity measurement [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], so that all the information about the phases of the object, included in the evanescent waves are lost in the measurement process. Information about the phases of the object are especially important for imaging semi-transparent biological tissues for which one would like to learn about lateral changes in the tissue density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of resolution by use of microspheres related to complex Snell’s law

Ben‐Aryeh¹

2016

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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The increase of resolution by the use of microspheres is related to the use of evanescent waves satisfying complex Snell's law with complex trigonometric functions related to the incident and refracted angles, while the refractive indices are real. The evanescent waves are obtained in addition to initial propagating waves satisfying the ordinary Snell's law. The lateral spatial wave vectors of the evanescent waves, which include information on the object fine structures, are converted at the microsphere surface to smaller wave vectors. Due to the reduction in the magnitudes of the spatial wave vectors of the evanescent waves, they become propagating waves including the fine structures which are recovered in the image plane.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of resolution by use of microspheres related to complex Snell’s law

Ben‐Aryeh¹

2016

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A

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“…Then, reducing the active volume to lower the dark current and at the same time remaining the light collection efficiency through light concentration methods becomes a promising way to enhance the detectivity. In this direction, the integration of micro-lens with infrared photodetectors has attracted much attention [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] . However, limited numerical aperture, complicated packaging and alignment, and the difficulty in curved surface formation impede the practical application in infrared photodetection [10][11][12] .…”

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confidence: 99%

HgCdTe mid-Infrared photo response enhanced by monolithically integrated meta-lenses

Deng

Zhou

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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for S m = 5 μm × 5 μm or S m = 10 μm × 10 μm. Further, the meta-lens exhibits a good dispersion tolerance over the wavelength range from 3.3 μm to 5 μm. The averaged detectivity enhancement over this spectrum range is around 3 times for S m = 5 μm × 5 μm and 2 times for S m = 10 μm × 10 μm. The angular response of the meta-lens integrated detector depends on the focal length. For a focal length of 73 μm, the AOV for a 5 μm × 5 μm photosensitive area is 4.0°. When the focal length is reduced to 38 μm, the AOV for a 5 μm × 5 μm photosensitive area increases to 7.7° and it reaches 15.4° for a 10 μm × 10 μm photosensitive area. For the inter-pillar distance to be 2 μm in our design, the influence of the coupling effect between the nano-pillars on the performance of the meta-lens is little. Therefore, the monolithic integration of a meta-lens provides us a promising way to enhance the performance of infrared photodetectors and even focal plane arrays.

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“…Such structures can be fabricated by various techniques including massively parallel manipulation with optoelectronic tweezers , directed self‐assembly or assembly of microspheres by air suction through array of micro holes. The latter method was recently proposed for massive‐scale integration of microspheres with mid‐IR focal plane arrays , but it can also be used for assembly of microsphere‐chain waveguides or coupled‐cavity networks where not only the layout, but also the separations between the cavities can be controlled. The choice of the optimal technology is determined by a specific application.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whispering gallery mode hybridization in photonic molecules

Abolmaali

Allen

et al. 2017

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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This work takes inspiration from chemistry where the spectral characteristics of the molecules are determined by hybridization of electronic states evolving from the individual atomic orbitals. Based on analogy between quantum mechanics and the classical electrodynamics, we sorted dielectric microspheres with almost identical positions of their whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances. Using these microspheres as classical photonic atoms, we assembled them in a wide range of structures including linear chains and planar photonic molecules. We studied WGM hybridization effects in such structures using side coupling by tapered microfibers as well as finite difference time domain modeling. We demonstrated that the patterns of WGM spectral splitting are representative of the symmetry, number of constituting atoms and topology of the photonic molecules which in principle can be viewed as "spectral signatures" of various molecules. We also show new ways of controlling WGM coupling constants in such molecules. Excellent agreement was found between measured transmission spectra and spectral signatures of photonic molecules predicted by simulation.Comment: This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article submitted to Laser Photonics Rev. on October 17, 2016. Revisions have been made in the published version. "Whispering gallery mode hybridization in photonic molecules", Y. Li, F. Abolmaali, K. W. Allen, N. I. Limberopoulos, A. Urbas, Y. Rakovich, A. V. Maslov, and V. N. Astratov, Laser Photonics Rev. DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201600278 (2017

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Increasing sensitivity and angle-of-view of mid-wave infrared detectors by integration with dielectric microspheres

Cited by 49 publications

References 41 publications

Increase of resolution by use of microspheres related to complex Snell’s law

Increase of resolution by use of microspheres related to complex Snell’s law

HgCdTe mid-Infrared photo response enhanced by monolithically integrated meta-lenses

Whispering gallery mode hybridization in photonic molecules

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