Increasing sun protection behaviors among Iranian farmworkers: a call for action

Martin, Brian; Nahar, Vinayak K.; Hutcheson, Amanda K.; Boyas, Javier F.; Sharma, Manoj

doi:10.15171/hpp.2017.02

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In Iran, especially in the western part of the country, the harvest time is in the summer when the sunlight is intense. If farmers do not use proper protection, such as hats and clothes in the open air when outdoors, a higher incidence of skin cancer is expected (Martin, Nahar, Hutcheson, Boyas, & Sharma, 2017). Therefore, to protect themselves against the sun, farmers should adopt some simple strategies, such as the use of protective clothing, and using sunscreen, since these strategies can significantly prevent the disease (Afshari, Afshari, Bahrami, & Kangavari, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in Iranian Farmers: Applying Protection Motivation Theory

Moeini

Ezati

Barati

et al. 2018

Workplace Health Saf

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Farmers are among the most common work groups at risk of skin cancer. The protection motivation theory has been widely accepted as a framework for predicting health related behaviors. This study was conducted to determine the role of factors preventing skin cancer among farmers in Eslamabad-e Gharb district, Iran, using the protection motivation theory. In this descriptive study, 280 farmers living in this district were studied from May to June 2017. Using cluster random sampling methods, health houses where farmers received health care were selected. Each farmer within the selected health house was then enrolled into the study using simple random sampling. Data were collected by interview using an author-developed questionnaire. The questionnaire ascertained demographic information and constructs of the protection motivation theory. Almost half of the farmers had a history of sunburn (56.4%). With regard to prevention, a small proportion reported using sunscreen (8.6%), hats (3.2%), gloves 3.9%, sunglasses 4.6%, and protective clothing 15.4%. The results of regression analyses showed that with one unit of increase in the scores of self-efficacy to adopt prevention behavior and perceived protection motivation resulted in an increase in the mean score of the “protective” behavior by 0.26 and 0.20, respectively. Working conditions among farmers place them at great risk and skin cancer prevention is essential. Intervention and prevention programs should fully identify the determinants of skin cancer prevention in farmers; in addition, the identified effective factors must be taken into account when designing and implementing appropriate interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in Iranian Farmers: Applying Protection Motivation Theory

Moeini

Ezati

Barati

et al. 2018

Workplace Health Saf

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“…Remedies proposed include easy access to sunscreen dispensers in the workplace and promotion by respected community members both acting as tangible reminders of the value of skin protection. In the United States, farm workers are trained to educate and promote healthy habits among their coworkers through the “Promotora de Salud” (Health Promoters) program [ 34 , 35 ]. A similar program could feasibly be adapted in Iran, where health promoters are considered trusted and respected peers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions and Practices of the Iranian Population regarding Skin Cancers: A Literature Review

Nahar

Hasani

Martin

et al. 2017

Journal of Skin Cancer

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Despite being preventable, more than 15% of all cancer cases in Iran occur in the skin, making them the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in the country. The purpose of this study is to gain an insight into the current skin cancer related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices among the Iranian population. A systematic computer based literature search was conducted using databases for articles published through April 2017. Research studies included those that measured skin cancer or sun protection related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in different Iranian population groups. Exclusion criteria for the articles included (1) irrelevant topics to the review article's aim, (2) articles that focused on the treatment of skin cancers instead of prevention practices, and (3) similar studies conducted on populations not indigenous to Iran. A total of 25 articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in the review. Predominant data were collected via questionnaires. Skin cancer related knowledge varied from low to high across the studies. Moreover, there was a pattern of low perceived skin cancer susceptibility and severity. Overall, there was low usage of sun protection methods among the Iranian population. The findings of this study show that efforts to prevent skin cancer are needed. Education concerning the dangers of sun exposure as well as strategies used to prevent or lower the risk of developing skin cancer should be stressed.

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The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model and Social Support on Promoting Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in a Sample of Iranian Farmers

Jeihooni

Rakhshani

2018

J Canc Educ

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Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran. Farmers are exposed to the sun's ultraviolet radiation due to their job and are susceptible to skin cancer. The aim of this study is to survey the effect of educational intervention based on health belief model and social support on promoting skin cancer preventive behaviors in farmers of Fasa City, Fars province, Iran. In this quasi-experimental study, 200 farmers (100 in experimental group and 100 in control group) in Fasa City, Fars, Iran, were selected in 2017. The educational intervention for the experimental group consisted of eight training sessions (introduction to skin cancer, risk factors, complications, benefits and barriers to proper use of sunscreen, UV sunglasses and physical protection, self-efficacy in applying preventive behaviors, role of social support). A questionnaire consisting of demographic information, knowledge, HBM constructs (perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and cues to action), and social support was used to measure skin cancer preventive behaviors before, 3 months after the intervention, and 6 months later. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 via chi-squared, independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney, and repeated measures ANOVA at a significance level of 0.5. The mean age of the farmers was 42.21 ± 10.52 years in the experimental group and 44.28 ± 10.16 years in the control group. Three months after the intervention and 6 months after the intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in the knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, cues to action, social support, and skin cancer preventive behaviors compared to the control group. This study showed the effectiveness of the intervention based on the HBM constructs and social support in adoption of skin cancer preventive behaviors in 3 and 6 months post intervention in farmers. Hence, these models can act as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions for the prevention of skin cancer.

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Increasing sun protection behaviors among Iranian farmworkers: a call for action

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in Iranian Farmers: Applying Protection Motivation Theory

Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in Iranian Farmers: Applying Protection Motivation Theory

Perceptions and Practices of the Iranian Population regarding Skin Cancers: A Literature Review

The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on Health Belief Model and Social Support on Promoting Skin Cancer Preventive Behaviors in a Sample of Iranian Farmers

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